Maths & Sciences
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Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
After pointing out several discrepancies between electron difference density results and Lewis bonding theory, the course proceeds to quantum mechanics in search of a fundamental understanding of chemical bonding. The wave function ψ, which beginning students find confusing, was equally confusing to the physicists who created quantum mechanics. The Schrödinger equation reckons kinetic energy through the shape of ψ. When ψ curves toward zero, kinetic energy is positive; but when it curves away, kinetic energy is negative!
00:00 - Chapter 1. Limits of the Lewis Bonding Theory
08:35 - Chapter 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics
16:36 - Chapter 3. Understanding Psi as a Function of Position
33:24 - Chapter 4. Understanding Negative Kinetic Energy and Finding Potential Energy
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
Professor McBride uses a hexagonal "benzene" pattern and Franklin's X-ray pattern of DNA, to continue his discussion of X-ray crystallography by explaining how a diffraction pattern in "reciprocal space" relates to the distribution of electrons in molecules and to the repetition of molecules in a crystal lattice. He then uses electron difference density mapping to reveal bonds, and unshared electron pairs, and their shape, and to show that they are only one-twentieth as dense as would be expected for Lewis shared pairs. Anomalous difference density in the carbon-fluorine bond raises the course's second great question, "Compared to what?"
00:00 - Chapter 1. Understanding Diffraction Patterns: Continuing the Case of the Hexagonal "Benzene"
15:10 - Chapter 2. Double Helices and DNA: Even and Offset Planes
29:04 - Chapter 3. Revealing Bonds and Unshared Electron Pairs via Electron Difference Density Maps
43:23 - Chapter 4. The Second Great Question: "Compared with What?"
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
Professor McBride introduces the theory behind light diffraction by charged particles and its application to the study of the electron distribution in molecules by x-ray diffraction. The roles of molecular pattern and crystal lattice repetition are illustrated by shining laser light through diffraction masks to generate patterns reminiscent of those encountered in X-ray studies of ordered solids.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction: Focusing Lux
07:11 - Chapter 2. Defining and Scattering Light to See: X-Ray Crystallography and Diffraction
25:06 - Chapter 3. Wave Machines
39:42 - Chapter 4. Structural Information in Wave Machines: The Case of Benzene
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
This lecture asks whether it is possible to confirm the reality of bonds by seeing or feeling them. It first describes the work of "clairvoyant" charlatans from the beginning of the twentieth century, who claimed to "see" details of atomic and molecular structure, in order to discuss proper bases for scientific belief. It then shows that the molecular scale is not inconceivably small, and that Newton and Franklin performed simple experiments that measure such small distances. In the last 25 years various realizations of Scanning Probe Microscopy have enabled chemists to "feel" individual molecules and atoms, but not bonds.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Early Attempts to Visualize Atoms: Clairvoyance
15:39 - Chapter 2. Measuring Small Distances: Newton's Rings and Franklin's Oil-Water Experiment
29:51 - Chapter 3. Scanning Probe Microscopy: Feeling out Electron Pairs
41:23 - Chapter 4. Resonance Structures for H, C, N, O Isomers
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
Continuing the discussion of Lewis structures and chemical forces from the previous lecture, Professor McBride introduces the double-well potential of the ozone molecule and its structural equilibrium. The inability for inverse-square force laws to account for stable arrangements of charged particles is prescribed by Earnshaw's Theorem, which may be visualized by means of lines of force. J.J. Thomson circumvented Earnshaw's prohibition on structure by postulating a "plum-pudding" atom. When Rutherford showed that the nucleus was a point, Thomson had to conclude that Coulomb's law was invalid at small distances.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Distinguishing Equilibrium and Resonance
06:37 - Chapter 2. The Structure and Surface Potential of Ozone
20:57 - Chapter 3. Visualizing Electrostatic Force: Earnshaw's Theorem
35:07 - Chapter 4. J. J. Thomson's Plum Pudding Model
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
Professor McBride begins by following Newton's admonition to search for the force law that describes chemical bonding. Neither direct (Hooke's Law) nor inverse (Coulomb, Gravity) dependence on distance will do - a composite like the Morse potential is needed. G. N. Lewis devised a "cubic-octet" theory based on the newly discovered electron, and developed it into a shared pair model to explain bonding. After discussing Lewis-dot notation and formal charge, Professor McBride shows that in some "single-minimum" cases the Lewis formalism is inadequate and salvaging it required introducing the confusing concept of "resonance."
00:00 - Chapter 1. Newton's "Additions": An Inquiry into Small Forces
09:15 - Chapter 2. Is there a Chemical Force Law?
18:26 - Chapter 3. The Morse Potential
21:42 - Chapter 4. What are Bonds? Early Understandings of Valence
32:52 - Chapter 5. Deriving Structure and Reactivity from Valence Electrons
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
Freshman Organic Chemistry (CHEM 125)
Professor McBride outlines the course with its goals and requirements, including the required laboratory course. To the course's prime question "How do you know" he proposes two unacceptable answers (divine and human authority), and two acceptable answers (experiment and logic). He illustrates the fruitfulness of experiment and logic using the rise of science in the seventeenth century. London's Royal Society and the "crucial" experiment on light by Isaac Newton provide examples. In his correspondence with Newton Samuel Pepys, diarist and naval purchasing officer, illustrates the attitudes and habits which are most vital for budding scientists - especially those who would like to succeed in this course. The lecture closes by introducing the underlying goal for the first half of the semester: understanding the Force Law that describes chemical bonds.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction: Logistics
05:37 - Chapter 2. The Goals of Freshman Organic Chemistry: How Do You Know?
15:17 - Chapter 3. Bacon's Instauration: Experimentation over Philosophy
30:17 - Chapter 4. How to Succeed in Chem 125: Following Samuel Pepys
41:56 - Chapter 5. Atoms, Molecules, and Hooke's Law
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Fall 2008.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The various postulates of quantum mechanics treated in previous lectures are reviewed and summarized. The uncertainty principle is again discussed and a new one between energy and time is introduced. The quantum mechanical behavior of an electron in a hydrogen atom is described. The principles of quantum mechanics are then generalized to describe two or more quantum particles. It is shown that identical particles have to be bosons or fermions, the latter obeying the Pauli exclusion principle, which in turn is key to explaining the periodic table.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Major Postulates of Quantum Mechanics
20:31 - Chapter 2. Applications of Quantum Mechanics
28:00 - Chapter 3. Energy-time uncertainty principle
41:21 - Chapter 4. Quantum Mechanics of more than one particle
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The time-dependent Schrödinger Equation is introduced as a powerful analog of Newton's second law of motion that describes quantum dynamics. It is shown how given an initial wave function, one can predict the future behavior using Schrödinger's Equation. The special role of stationary states (states of definite energy) is discussed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The "Theory of Nearly Everything"
12:34 - Chapter 2. The time-dependent Schrodinger Equation
40:15 - Chapter 3. Stationary States
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The allowed energy states of a free particle on a ring and a particle in a box are revisited. A scattering problem is studied to expose more quantum wonders: a particle can tunnel into the classically forbidden regions where kinetic energy is negative and a particle incident on a barrier with enough kinetic energy to go over it has a nonzero probability to bounce back.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Wave Functions
08:48 - Chapter 2. Particle on a ring
19:11 - Chapter 3. Particle in a Box
54:00 - Chapter 4. Scattering
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
It is shown how to extract the odds for getting different values of momentum from a generic wave function by writing it as a sum over functions of definite momentum. A recipe is given for finding states of definite energy, which requires solving a differential equation that depends on what potential the particle is experiencing. The particle in a box is considered and the allowed energies derived.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Wave Functions
40:13 - Chapter 2. The Schrodinger Equation
54:20 - Chapter 3. Quantization of Energy
63:43 - Chapter 4. Particle in a Box
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The fact that the wave function provides the complete description of a particle's location and momentum is emphasized. Measurement collapses the wave function into a spike located at the measured value. The quantization of momentum for a particle on a ring is deduced.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of the Particle Wave Function
11:21 - Chapter 2. Particle on a Ring
56:25 - Chapter 3. The Measurement Postulate
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Lecture begins with a detailed review of the double slit experiment with electrons. The fate of an electron traversing the double slit is determined by a wave putting an end to Newtonian mechanics. The momentum and position of an electron cannot both be totally known simultaneously. The wave function is used to describe a probability density function for an electron. Heuristic arguments are given for the wave function describing a particle of definite momentum.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Double Slit Experiment using Electrons
20:28 - Chapter 2. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle
42:32 - Chapter 3. The Probability Density Function of an Electron
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The double slit experiment, which implies the end of Newtonian Mechanics is described. The de Broglie relation between wavelength and momentum is deduced from experiment for photons and electrons. The photoelectric effect and Compton scattering, which provided experimental support for Einstein's photon theory of light are reviewed. The wave function is introduced along with the probability interpretation. The uncertainty principle is shown arise from the fact that the particle's location is determined by a wave and that waves diffract when passing a narrow opening.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of Young's double slit experiment
09:10 - Chapter 2. The Particulate Nature of Light
23:15 - Chapter 3. The Photoelectric Effect
31:19 - Chapter 4. Compton's scattering
36:10 - Chapter 5. Particle-wave duality of matter
48:33 - Chapter 6. The Uncertainty Principle
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Young's double slit experiment shows clearly that light is a wave. (In order to observe the wave behavior of light, the slit size and separation should be comparable or smaller than the wavelength of light.) Interference is described using real and complex numbers (in anticipation of quantum mechanics). Grating and crystal diffraction are analyzed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Revisions to Geometric Optics
08:20 - Chapter 2. Young's double slit experiment
50:52 - Chapter 3. Interference and Diffraction of Light
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Ray diagrams are used to investigate the behavior of light incident on mirrors and lenses. The principle of least time is used to show that all rays from an object in front of a concave mirror focus on the image point if they are not too far from the axis. The experiments describing the breakdown of geometric optics are discussed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Parabolic and Spherical Mirrors
34:16 - Chapter 2. Lenses
43:34 - Chapter 3. Focal Point
63:56 - Chapter 4. Magnifying Lenses
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Geometric optics is discussed as an approximation to wave theory when the wavelength is very small compared to other lengths in the problem (such as the size of openings). Many results of geometric optics involving reflection, refraction (mirrors and lenses) are derived in a unified way using Fermat's Principle of Least Time.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Light as an Electromagnetic Phenomenon
07:17 - Chapter 2. Review of Geometrical (Classical) Optics
21:50 - Chapter 3. Fermat's Principle of Least Time and its Corollaries
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The physical meaning of the components of the wave equation and their applications are discussed. The power carried by the wave is derived. The fact that, unlike Newton's laws, Maxwell's equations are already consistent with relativity is discussed. The existence of magnetism is deduced from a thought experiment using relativity.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap—Solving Maxwell's Equations
18:18 - Chapter 2. Deriving the Energy and Intensity of an Electromagnetic Wave
30:40 - Chapter 3. The Origin of Electromagnetic Waves
37:03 - Chapter 4. Relativity and Maxwell's Equations
51:44 - Chapter 5. Deducing the Presence of Magnetism
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Waves on a string are reviewed and the general solution to the wave equation is described. Maxwell's equations in their final form are written down and then considered in free space, away from charges and currents. It is shown how to verify that a given set of fields obeys Maxwell's equations by considering them on infinitesimal cubes and loops. A simple form of the solutions is assumed and the parameters therein fitted using Maxwell's equations. The wave equation follows, along with the wave speed equal to that of light (3 x 10^8), suggesting (correctly) that light is an electromagnetic wave. The vector relationship between the electric field, the magnetic field and the direction of wave propagation is described.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Background
04:43 - Chapter 2. Review of Wave Equation
20:01 - Chapter 3. Maxwell's Equations
56:47 - Chapter 4. Light as an Electromagnetic Wave
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The mathematics underlying LCR circuit theory for AC currents is discussed. Complex numbers are used to convert differential equations to algebraic equations. The notion of impedance is introduced. The radio is used to illustrate the concepts of resonance and variable capacitance. The body of classical electromagnetism treated so far is reviewed and summarized. The displacement current is introduced, leading to the complete Maxwell equations.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of LCR Circuits
08:48 - Chapter 2. Impedance
17:39 - Chapter 3. Resonance and Variable Capacitance
68:03 - Chapter 4. Displacement current
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Like capacitors, inductors act as energy storage devices in circuits. The relationship between voltage, inductance and current in a variety of circuits with DC voltages is described.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Inductors
04:46 - Chapter 2. Inductive Circuits
54:18 - Chapter 3. LCR Circuits driven by an Alternating Source
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The electric effect of a changing magnetic field is described using Faraday's Law. The direction of the current so generated is given by Lenz's Law. The operation and energy accounting of the generator are described. The concept of inductance is introduced. The Betatron is described as an example of Faraday's Law. Self and mutual inductance are introduced. The energy density in a magnetic field is derived.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Lenz and Faraday's Law
25:37 - Chapter 2. The power generator
37:45 - Chapter 3. Mutual and self inductance
64:10 - Chapter 4. Energy density of a magnetic field
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
After a description of more complicated electric circuits, the basic ideas underlying magnetism are discussed and the relationship between electrical charges and magnetic fields is explored. Magnetism is caused and experienced only by moving charges. The Lorentz force on a charge is described and used to deduce the force on a current carrying wire. The cyclotron and velocity selector are described.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Ampere's Law is used to find the magnetic field generated by currents in highly symmetric geometries like the infinitely long wire and the solenoid. It is shown how magnetism can be used to convert macroscopic mechanical energy to do microscopic electrical work. Lenz's and Faraday's Laws are introduced. The latter says that a changing magnetic field generates a non-conservative electric field.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Ampere's Law
08:46 - Chapter 2. Magnetic field generated by current in a solenoid
49:51 - Chapter 3. Lenz's Law
67:07 - Chapter 4. Faraday's Law
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The mechanism by which electric currents produce a magnetic field (Law of Biot-Savart) is discussed in greater detail. The field due to a single loop and an infinite wire are computed. Ampere's Law is derived. The operation of the DC electric motor is used to illustrate the torque generated on moving charges in a magnetic field.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Magnetic Fields
14:00 - Chapter 2. Torque on Charge moving in Magnetic Field
20:56 - Chapter 3. Magnetic effects produced by electric currents
51:26 - Chapter 4. Ampere's Law
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Lecture begins with a discussion of electric potential distribution in conductors. Image charges are introduced and exploited. Capacitance is explained in greater detail and illustrated using the parallel plate capacitor. The energy stored in the electric field is derived. The forces acting on an electric current flowing through a conducting wire are examined. The RC circuits and its energetics are discussed. The EMF due to a battery is explained.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Image Charges
28:45 - Chapter 2. The Parellel Plate Capacitor
42:46 - Chapter 3. The Concept of Resistance
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The electric potential is defined for the electric field. It is introduced as an integral of the electric field making the field the derivative of the potential. After discussing the ideas of electric potential and field as presented in the previous lecture, the concept of capacitance is introduced as a means of storing charge and energy.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electric Potential
15:52 - Chapter 2. Advantages of Electric Potential, V
43:31 - Chapter 3. Conductors as Equipotentials
61:46 - Chapter 4. Capacitors
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The law of conservation of energy is reviewed using examples drawn from Newtonian mechanics. The work-energy theorem is derived from first principles and used to initiate a discussion of the vector calculus underlying the law of conservation of energy.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electrostatics
03:49 - Chapter 2. Review of Law of Conservation of Energy
08:13 - Chapter 3. Deriving the Work-Energy Theorem and the Law of Conservation of Energy
59:33 - Chapter 4. Electric Potential
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
Lecture begins with a recap of Gauss's Law, its derivation, its limitation and its applications in deriving the electric field of several symmetric geometries—like the infinitely long wire. The electrical properties of conductors and insulators are discussed. Multiple integrals are briefly reviewed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Derivation of Gauss' Law
21:12 - Chapter 2. The Electric Field due to a Spherical Distribution of Charge
44:47 - Chapter 3. Electric Field due to an Infinitely Long Wire
51:39 - Chapter 4. Electric Conductors and Insulators
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The electric field is discussed in greater detail and field due an infinite line charge is computed. The concepts of charge density and electric flux are introduced and Gauss's Law, which relates the two, is derived. It is applied to the study of the electric field generated by a spherical charge distribution.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Electric field concepts
15:02 - Chapter 2. Electric field due to an infinite line of charge
28:41 - Chapter 3. The Infinite Sheet and Charge Density
44:29 - Chapter 4. Gauss' Law
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The electric field is introduced as the mediator of electrostatic interactions: objects generate the field which permeates all of space, and charged objects in the field experience a force with magnitude proportional to their charge. Several instructive examples are given, including the field of an electric dipole and the notion of the electric dipole and dipole moment. The notion of field lines is introduced.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Charges
16:34 - Chapter 2. Electric Fields
33:55 - Chapter 3. Electric Field Lines
40:18 - Chapter 4. Electric Dipoles
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics, II (PHYS 201)
The course begins with a discussion of electricity. The concept of charge is introduced, and the properties of electrical forces are compared with those of other familiar forces, such as gravitation. Coulomb's Law, along with the principle of superposition, allows for the calculation of electrostatic forces from a given charge distribution.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Forces and Introduction to Electrostatic Force
15:20 - Chapter 2. Coulomb's Law
21:09 - Chapter 3. Conservation and Quantization of Charge
26:15 - Chapter 4. Microscopic Understanding of Electrostatics
33:21 - Chapter 5. Charge Distributions and the Principle of Superposition
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://open.yale.edu/courses
This course was recorded in Spring 2010.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The focus of the lecture is the concept of entropy. Specific examples are given to calculate the entropy change for a number of different processes. Boltzmann's microscopic formula for entropy is introduced and used to explain irreversibility.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of the Carnot Engine
19:18 - Chapter 2. Calculating the Entropy Change
35:34 - Chapter 3. The Second Law of Thermodynamics as a Function of Entropy
43:46 - Chapter 4. The Microscopic Basis of Entropy
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
Why does a dropped egg that spatters on the floor not rise back to your hands even though no laws prohibit it? The answer to such irreversibility resides the Second Law of Thermodynamics which explained in this and the next lecture. The Carnot heat engine is discussed in detail to show how there is an upper limit to the efficiency of heat engines and how the concept of entropy arises from macroscopic considerations.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of First Law of Thermodynamics and Macroscopic State Properties
13:22 - Chapter 2. Defining Specific Heats at Constant Pressure and Volume
26:01 - Chapter 3. Adiabatic Processes
43:57 - Chapter 4. The Second Law of Thermodynamics and the Concept of Entropy
59:02 - Chapter 5. The Carnot Engine
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This lecture continues the topic of thermodynamics, exploring in greater detail what heat is, and how it is generated and measured. The Boltzmann Constant is introduced. The microscopic meaning of temperature is explained. The First Law of Thermodynamics is presented.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap of Heat Theory
11:54 - Chapter 2. The Boltzman Constant and Avogadro's Number
18:50 - Chapter 3. A Microscopic Definition of Temperature
30:15 - Chapter 4. Molecular Mechanics of Phase Change and the Maxwell-Boltzmann
46:49 - Chapter 5. Quasi-static Processes
50:19 - Chapter 6. Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This is the first of a series of lectures on thermodynamics. The discussion begins with understanding "temperature." Zeroth's law is introduced and explained. Concepts such as "absolute zero" and "triple point of water" are defined. Measuring temperature through a number of instruments is addressed as well as the different scales of measurement. The second half of the lecture is devoted to heat and heat transfer. Concepts such as "convection" and "conduction" are explained thoroughly.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Temperature as a Macroscopic Thermodynamic Property
06:45 - Chapter 2. Calibrating Temperature Instruments
22:25 - Chapter 3. Absolute Zero, Triple Point of Water, The Kelvin
28:55 - Chapter 4. Specific Heat and Other Thermal Properties of Materials
43:17 - Chapter 5. Phase Change
55:06 - Chapter 6. Heat Transfer by Radiation, Convection and Conduction
01:03:27 - Chapter 7. Heat as Atomic Kinetic Energy and its Measurement
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The focus of the lecture is on fluid dynamics and statics. Different properties are discussed, such as density and pressure. Archimedes' Principle is introduced and demonstrated through a number of problems. The final topic of the lecture is Bernoulli's Equation.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to Fluid Dynamics and Statics — The Notion of Pressure
04:14 - Chapter 2. Fluid Pressure as a Function of Height
20:49 - Chapter 3. The Hydraulic Press
26:32 - Chapter 4. Archimedes' Principle
36:36 - Chapter 5. Bernoulli's Equation
39:12 - Chapter 6. The Equation of Continuity
53:41 - Chapter 7. Applications of Bernoulli's Equation
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
Waves are discussed in further detail. Basic properties of the waves such as velocity, energy, intensity, and frequency are discussed through a variety of examples. The second half of the lecture deals specifically with superposition of waves. Constructive and destructive interferences are defined and discussed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. General Solution of Wave Equation
08:51 - Chapter 2. Spatial and Temporal Periodicity: Frequency, Period
17:39 - Chapter 3. Wave Energy and Power Transmitted
30:02 - Chapter 4. Doppler Effect
38:58 - Chapter 5. Superposition of Waves
48:57 - Chapter 6. Constructive and Destructive Interference, Double Slit Experiment
01:01:30 - Chapter 7. Modes of Vibration: Application to Musical Instruments
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This lecture continues the topic of harmonic motions. Problems are introduced and solved to explore various aspects of oscillation. The second half of the lecture is an introduction to the nature and behavior of waves. Both longitudinal and transverse waves are defined and explained.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Free Vibration: Oscillation Under F=0
08:20 - Chapter 2. Initial Conditions at Start of Oscillation
18:52 - Chapter 3. Solution to Harmonic Equation under Driving Force
30:01 - Chapter 4. Properties of the Oscillating Function, Resonance
39:23 - Chapter 5. Complete Solution = Complimentary + Particular Solutions
43:40 - Chapter 6. Introduction to Longitudinal and Transverse Waves
52:55 - Chapter 7. Derive Wave Equation as Differential Equation
01:04:40 - Chapter 8. Solution to Wave Equation
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The focus of the lecture is simple harmonic motion. Professor Shankar gives several examples of physical systems, such as a mass M attached to a spring, and explains what happens when such systems are disturbed. Amplitude, frequency and period of simple harmonic motion are also defined in the course of the lecture. Several problems are solved in order to demonstrate various cases of oscillation.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Example Equations of Oscillating Objects
10:49 - Chapter 2. Superposition of Solutions to Linear (Harmonic) Equations
30:16 - Chapter 3. Conditions for Solutions to Harmonic Equations
38:57 - Chapter 4. Exponential Functions as Generic Solutions
50:48 - Chapter 5. Undamped, Under-damped and Over-damped Oscillations
01:00:28 - Chapter 6. Driving Harmonic Force on Oscillator
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The lecture covers a number of mathematical concepts. The Taylor series is introduced and its properties discussed, supplemented by various examples. Complex numbers are explained in some detail, especially in their polar form. The lecture ends with a discussion of simple harmonic motion.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Derive Taylor Series of a Function, f as [Σ (0, ∞)fnxn/n!]
14:21 - Chapter 2. Examples of Functions with Invalid Taylor Series
17:30 - Chapter 3. Taylor Series for Popular Functions(cos x, ex,etc)
23:31 - Chapter 4. Derive Trigonometric Functions from Exponential Functions
31:41 - Chapter 5. Properties of Complex Numbers
42:40 - Chapter 6. Polar Form of Complex Numbers
50:04 - Chapter 7. Simple Harmonic Motions
01:03:07 - Chapter 8. Law of Conservation of Energy and Harmonic Motion Due to Torque
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The discussion of four-vector in relativity continues but this time the focus is on the energy-momentum of a particle. The invariance of the energy-momentum four-vector is due to the fact that rest mass of a particle is invariant under coordinate transformations.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap: The Four-Vectors of Position, Velocity and Momentum in Space-Time
15:53 - Chapter 2. The Energy-Momentum Four-Vector
32:20 - Chapter 3. Relativistic Collisions
41:09 - Chapter 4. Law of Conservation of Energy and Momentum Using the Energy-Momentum Four-Vector
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The four-vector is introduced that unifies space-time coordinates x, y, z and t into a single entity whose components get mixed up under Lorentz transformations. The length of this four-vector, called the space-time interval, is shown to be invariant (the same for all observers). Likewise energy and momentum are unified into the energy-momentum four-vector.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Recap—Consequences of the Lorentz Transformations
06:25 - Chapter 2. Causality Paradoxes: "Killing the Grandmother"
15:22 - Chapter 3. A New Understanding of Space-Time
25:51 - Chapter 4. Introducing the Fourth Dimension and Four-Vector Algebra
44:09 - Chapter 5. The Space-Time Interval, or "Proper Time"
51:47 - Chapter 6. Deriving the Velocity and Momentum Vectors in Space-Time
01:04:40 - Chapter 7. The New Energy-Mass Relation
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This lecture offers detailed analysis of the Lorentz transformations which relate the coordinates of an event in two frames in relative motion. It is shown how length, time and simultaneity are relative.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Describing an Event with Two Observers
33:58 - Chapter 2. The Relativity of Simultaneity
41:57 - Chapter 3. Time Dilation
53:41 - Chapter 4. The Twin Paradox
01:00:02 - Chapter 5. Length Contraction
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This is the first of a series of lectures on relativity. The lecture begins with a historical overview and goes into problems that aim to describe a single event as seen by two independent observers. Maxwell's theory, as well as the Galilean and Lorentz transformations are also discussed.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The Meaning of Relativity
18:10 - Chapter 2. The Galilean Transformation and its Consequences
31:35 - Chapter 3. The Medium of Light
43:22 - Chapter 4. The Two Postulates of Relativity
46:48 - Chapter 5. Length Contraction and Time Dilation
55:34 - Chapter 6. Deriving the Lorentz Transformation
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This lecture is a continuation of an analogue to Newton's law: τ= lα. While previous problems examined situations in which τ is not zero, this time the focus is on extreme cases in which there is no torque at all. If there is no torque, α is zero and the angular velocity is constant. The lecture starts with a simple example of a seesaw and moves on to discuss a collection of objects that are somehow subject to a variety of forces but remain in static equilibrium.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Static Equilibrium — Case of Zero-torque, Zero-angular Velocity
03:47 - Chapter 2. The Seesaw Example
12:02 - Chapter 3. The Case of a Rod Supported by Pivot on a Wall
21:04 - Chapter 4. The Case of a Rod Supported by a Wire
29:08 - Chapter 5. The Case of the Leaning Ladder
40:05 - Chapter 6. Rigid Body Dynamics in 3D
01:04:46 - Chapter 7. The Case of a Gyroscope
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
Part II of Rotations. The lecture begins with an explanation of the Parallel Axis Theorem and how it is applied in problems concerning rotation of rigid bodies. The moment of inertia of a disk is discussed as a demonstration of the theorem. Angular momentum and angular velocity are examined in a variety of problems.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review and Derive the Parallel Axis Theorem
16:27 - Chapter 2. For System of Masses: Derive KEtotal = ½ MV2 + ½ ICM2
27:55 - Chapter 3. Derive KEtotal in Terms of Equivalent Rotation about Stationary Point
38:40 - Chapter 4. Effect of Rotational Kinetic Energy on Translational Motion for No Skid
43:41 - Chapter 5. Example Problem: Torque on a Disk
49:30 - Chapter 6. Advanced Example Problem: Pulley Rotating and Translating
01:02:14 - Chapter 7. Example Problem: Systems with Angular Moment Conserved
01:09:09 - Chapter 8. Application: Angular Momentum Changes for Spinning Ballerina
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
Part I of Rotations. The lecture begins with examining rotation of rigid bodies in two dimensions. The concepts of "rotation" and "translation" are explained. The use of radians is introduced. Angular velocity, angular momentum, angular acceleration, torque and inertia are also discussed. Finally, the Parallel Axis Theorem is expounded.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction to Rigid Bodies; Rotation of Rigid Bodies
08:15 - Chapter 2. Rotation in Terms of Circle Parameters and Radian
19:57 - Chapter 3. Radial and Tangential Rotation at Constant Acceleration
28:34 - Chapter 4. Moment of Inertia, Angular Momentum, Kinetic Energy
46:47 - Chapter 5. Torque and Work Energy Theorem
01:01:36 - Chapter 6. Calculate Moment of Inertia: Examples for Rod, Disk, etc.
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The dynamics of a many-body system is examined. Through a variety of examples, the professor demonstrates how to locate the center of mass and how to evaluate it for a number of objects. Finally, the Law of Conservation of Momentum is introduced and discussed. The lecture ends with problems of collision in one dimension focusing on the totally elastic and totally inelastic cases.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Multi-body Dynamics — The Two-body System
05:41 - Chapter 2. The Center of Mass
32:05 - Chapter 3. Law of Conservation of Momentum — Examples and Applications
56:32 - Chapter 4. The Rocket Equation
01:03:19 - Chapter 5. Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The focus of the lecture is problems of gravitational interaction. The three laws of Kepler are stated and explained. Planetary motion is discussed in general, and how this motion applies to the planets moving around the Sun in particular.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Conservative and Non-conservative Forces
09:19 - Chapter 2. Kepler's 3 Laws
20:16 - Chapter 3. Deriving the Nature of Gravitational Force
35:57 - Chapter 4. Derive Orbital Period (T) and Speed (v) in Space
49:47 - Chapter 5. Law of Conservation of Energy Far from Earth Surface
57:37 - Chapter 6. Reference Potential Energy at Infinity or Earth Surface
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The discussion on the Law of Conservation of Energy continues but is applied in higher dimensions. The notion of a function with two variables is reviewed. Conservative forces are explained and students are taught how to recognize and manufacture them.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Calculus Review: Small Changes for Motion in 2D
18:05 - Chapter 2. Work Done in 2D; Dot Products and Cross Products
36:16 - Chapter 3. Conservative and Non-conservative Forces
52:29 - Chapter 4. Cross Derivative Test for Potential Energy Equations
01:03:55 - Chapter 5. Application to Gravitational Potential Energy
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The lecture begins with a review of the loop-the-loop problem. Professor Shankar then reviews basic terminology in relation to work, kinetic energy and potential energy. He then goes on to define the Work-Energy Theorem. Finally, the Law of Conservation of Energy is discussed and demonstrated with specific examples.
00:00 - Chapter 1. More on Loop-the-Loop and Intro to Concept of Energy
11:57 - Chapter 2. Work-Energy Theorem and Power
29:19 - Chapter 3. Conservation of Energy: K2 + U2 = K1 + U1
44:39 - Chapter 4. Friction Force Effect on Work-Energy Theorem
56:13 - Chapter 5. Calculus Review: Small Changes
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
The lecture begins with the application of Newton's three laws, with the warning that they are not valid for objects that move at speeds comparable to the speed of light or objects that are incredibly small and of the atomic scale. Friction and static friction are discussed. The dreaded inclined plane is dealt with head on. Finally, Professor Shankar explains the motion of objects using Newton's laws in specific problems related to objects in circular motion, such as roller coasters and a planet orbiting the Sun.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Continuation of Types of External Forces
14:50 - Chapter 2. Kinetic and Static Friction
31:34 - Chapter 3. Inclined Planes
49:04 - Chapter 4. Pulleys
57:30 - Chapter 5. Friction and Circular Motion: Roundabouts, Loop-the-Loop
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
This lecture introduces Newton's Laws of Motion. The First Law on inertia states that every object will remain in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force. The Second Law (F = ma) relates the cause (the force F) to the acceleration. Several different forces are discussed in the context of this law. The lecture ends with the Third Law which states that action and reaction are equal and opposite.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Vectors
09:29 - Chapter 2. Introduction to Newton's Laws of Motion, 1st Law and Inertial Frames
19:51 - Chapter 3. Second Law and Measurements as conventions
37:13 - Chapter 4. Nature of Forces and Their Relationship to Second Law
50:50 - Chapter 5. Newton's Third Law
01:03:15 - Chapter 6. Weightlessness
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
In this lecture, Professor Shankar discusses motion in more than one dimension. Vectors are introduced and discussed in multiple dimensions. Vector magnitude and direction are also explained. Null vectors, minus vectors, unit and velocity vectors are discussed along with their properties. Finally, several specific problems are solved to demonstrate how vectors can be added, and problems of projectile motion are expounded.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Review of Motion at Constant Acceleration
04:45 - Chapter 2. Vector Motion 2D Space: Properties
22:57 - Chapter 3. Choice of Basis Axis and Vector Transformation
38:20 - Chapter 4. Velocity Vectors: Derivatives of Displacement Vectors
43:40 - Chapter 5. Derivatives of Vectors: Application to Circular Motion
54:00 - Chapter 6. Projectile Motion
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
For more information about Professor Shankar's book based on the lectures from this course, Fundamentals of Physics: Mechanics, Relativity, and Thermodynamics, visit http://bit.ly/1jFIqNu.
Fundamentals of Physics (PHYS 200)
Professor Shankar introduces the course and answers student questions about the material and the requirements. He gives an overview of Newtonian mechanics and explains its two components: kinematics and dynamics. He then reviews basic concepts in calculus through two key equations: x = x0 + v0t + ½ at2 and v2 = v02+ 2 a (x-x0), tracing the fate of a particle in one dimension along the x-axis.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction and Course Organization
21:25 - Chapter 2. Newtonian Mechanics: Dynamics and Kinematics
28:20 - Chapter 3. Average and Instantaneous Rate of Motion
37:56 - Chapter 4. Motion at Constant Acceleration
52:37 - Chapter 5. Example Problem: Physical Meaning of Equations
01:08:42 - Chapter 6. Derive New Relations Using Calculus Laws of Limits
Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Fall 2006.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Discoverers of the structure and biological activity of steroid hormones won seven Nobel Prizes between 1927 and 1975. Studying the steps involved in Woodward's 1951 "total" synthesis of cortisone provides a review of the organic reactions covered this semester. Many steps involved novel insights, others were based on lore from previous work In the area. The overall yield of such sequential syntheses is typically much lower than that of convergent syntheses. Practical syntheses of cortisone were based on modification of related steroids readily available from nature. Milestones in total synthesis include both purely intellectual work with natural products and commercially important synthesis of designed pharmaceuticals. The course ends with thanks to those, young and old, who have taught us all.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Steroids and the Medicinal Activity of Cortisone
07:43 - Chapter 2. Woodward's Total Synthesis of Cortisone
33:27 - Chapter 3. Practical Synthesis of Cortisone
38:59 - Chapter 4. Some Milestones in Organic Synthesis
44:59 - Chapter 5. Thanks to Teachers, Colleagues, Family, and Students
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Modern spectroscopic tools show not only the constitution, configuration, and conformation of glucose but also how it interconverts between isomeric hemiketal pyranose rings. One of mankind's great accomplishments was determinining its constitution and especially its configuration before such spectroscopy. By 1887 Heinrich Kiliani had established the constitution of glucose as an aldohexose, and with help from Emil Fischer, he developed a method for homologating aldoses. Fisher assembled a great deal of experimental evidence on interconversion of natural and artificial aldoses, and their derivatives, especially their crystalline osazones. In 1892 he used this evidence to prove logically which of eight aldohexose configurations corresponds to glucose and to provide definitive support for van't Hoff's stereochemical theory. In 1991 Cram, Tanner, and Thomas reported the NMR spectrum of antiaromatic cyclobutadiene, which they prepared by photolysis inside a clamshell molecule that they designed and constructed in order to isolate this highly reactive molecule.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Glucose Structure by IR, NMR, and X-Ray
08:12 - Chapter 2. Glucose Constitution from van't Hoff to the Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis
23:28 - Chapter 3. Fischer's Osazones, Fischer's Projection, and Fischer's Evidence
35:25 - Chapter 4. Fischer's Proof of the Configuration of Glucose
47:16 - Chapter 5. Synthesizing a Cyclobutadiene Precursor in a Designer Clamshell
52:52 - Chapter 6. The Antiaromaticity of Cyclobutadiene
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
![36. [gr]α-Reactivity and Condensation Reactions](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/DQfUaXLk_sw/maxresdefault.jpg)
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
As in many synthetic procedures, an important challenge in ketone alkylation is choosing reagents and conditions that allow control of isomerism and of single vs. multiple substitution. [gr]β-Dicarbonyl compounds allow convenient alkylation and preparation of ketones and carboxylic acids. The aldol condensation, in which an [gr]a-position adds to a carbonyl group to generate a [gr]β-hydroxy- or an [gr]α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound, can be driven to completion by removal of water. The Robinson annulation reaction is an important example of conjugate addition to [gr]α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. [gr]α-Acylation of esters as in the Claisen condensation is a key step in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Determining the constitutional structure of sugars posed a daunting challenge to early carbohydrate chemists.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The Soxhelet Extractor
08:44 - Chapter 2. Alkylation Regiochemistry
16:35 - Chapter 3. Alkylation of B-Dicarbonyl Compounds
22:12 - Chapter 4. Aldol Condensations
29:41 - Chapter 5. Conjugate Addition and Robinson Annulation
44:17 - Chapter 6. Claisen Condensation and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
49:36 - Chapter 7. Carbohydrate Structures
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
![35. Acyl Insertions and [gr]α-Reactivity](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Xb4CwzP-Hdk/maxresdefault.jpg)
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
When a nucleophilic atom bearing a good leaving group attacks a carbonyl group, an adjacent R group can migrate to the new atom, inserting it into the R-acyl bond. This mechanism can insert O, NH, or CH2 groups into the acyl bond with informative stereospecificity in the case of the Beckmann rearrangement of oximes. Although the migrating groups are formally anionic, relative migratory aptitudes show that they give up electron density during rearrangement. Acid dissociation of protons [gr]α to a carbonyl group to form enolates, and the ease of forming enols, gives [gr]α-carbons nucleophilic reactivity under both basic and acidic conditions. This explains H/D exchange and racemization as well as halogenation and alkylation of [gr]α-carbons.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Acyl Insertion of O, NH, and CH2
25:29 - Chapter 2. A-Acidity
34:36 - Chapter 3. H/D Exchange and Racemization via Enol or Enolate
37:52 - Chapter 4. A-Halogenation
46:49 - Chapter 5. A-Alkylation
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Reactions of carboxylic acids and their salts include nucleophilic substitution and decarboxylation to leave enols, free radicals, or alkyl halides. A review of the IR spectroscopy of acid derivatives includes the use of vibrational coupling in the structure determination of anhydrides and imides. Many acid derivatives can be interconverted by substitution through a tetrahedral intermediate, and differences in acidity can be used to drive such reactions toward completion. Reduction of acid derivatives illustrates the challenge of designing selective reactions. Acidic and basic mechanisms allow conversion of nitriles to carboxylic acids. Ketenes provide routes to several acid derivatives. The Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to esters illustrates atom insertion into acyl-R bonds.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Reducing Carboxylic Acids to Carbonyl Groups
02:21 - Chapter 2. Decarboxylation Reactions
12:02 - Chapter 3. Acid Derivatives and their IR Spectra
18:18 - Chapter 4. Interconversion of Acid Derivatives, Saponification
27:16 - Chapter 5. Selective Reduction of Acid Derivatives
40:45 - Chapter 6. Nitriles and Ketenes
47:35 - Chapter 7. Insertion into the Acyl-R Bond: Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Green chemistry needs new asymmetric reactions and safer, more environmental Mitsunobu reactions. The Mitsunobu mechanism is general and reliable, but atom inefficient, generating almost 30 times as much weight of by-products as of the water it is designed to eliminate. Admirably green processes include autoxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids using only O2, and oxidation of alcohols by loss of H2 using a ruthenium catalyst. Relative pKa values of carboxylic acids provide insight into the role of inductive and resonance effects in organic transformations. One analysis suggests that the special acidity of carboxylic acids owes four times as much to inductive as to resonance effects. Carboxylic acids can be prepared both by oxidation and by reduction.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Mitsunobu Inversion and Atom Efficiency
05:38 - Chapter 2. Green Oxidation of Aldehydes and Alcohols
18:49 - Chapter 3. Understanding the Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
29:26 - Chapter 4. Preparing Carboxylic Acids by Oxidation and Reduction
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Spectroscopic determination of bond dissociation energies is relatively straightforward for many diatomic molecules, but for polyatomic molecules it requires merging the results from a variety of challenging experiments. Professor Ellison describes how such techniques as flowing-afterglow mass spectroscopy and negative-ion photoelectron spectroscopy together with data on free-radical kinetics and heats of formation have allowed precise determination of the O-H, C-H, and C-O bonds in methanol and other compounds. Interpreting these reliable data provides new insight into the nature of chemical bonding and "resonance".
00:00 - Chapter 1. Diatomic Bond Dissociation Energy from Spectroscopy
01:28 - Chapter 2. O-H BDE from Acidity in the Flowing Afterglow
12:35 - Chapter 3. C-H BDE from Radical Equilibrium
18:34 - Chapter 4. C-O BDE from Radical Heats of Formation. Potential Errors
23:20 - Chapter 5. Interpreting BDEs
35:43 - Chapter 6. Questions: Hot Bands and Resonance Stabilization
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
The ability of periodic acid (HIO4) to cleave the C-C bond of vicinal diols and [gr]α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds allowed structure determination of sugars and their ketals before spectroscopy was available. Reduction of carbonyl compounds by organometallic or hydride reagents provides a range of schemes for synthesizing various alcohols, where preference may be dictated by the desire to avoid competing processes. Wittig olefination allows conversion of C=O to C=C with good control over constitutional isomerism. Pharmaceutical manufacturers have taken great interest in developing new solvents and reagents that minimize hazards, waste, and environmental impact of traditional reactions.
00:00 - Chapter 1. HIO4 Vicinal Diol Cleavage and Traditional Carbohydrate Analysis
09:32 - Chapter 2. Designing Alcohol Syntheses
28:35 - Chapter 3. Addition, Reduction, and Enolization by Grignard Reagents
33:15 - Chapter 4. Wittig Olefination
37:45 - Chapter 5. What Green Chemistry Needs
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Imines are pervasive in chemistry and biology, playing key roles both the in artificial Strecker synthesis of amino acids and their biosynthesis by L-glutamate dehydrogenase and by transamination. Imines are also involved in Stork's [gr]α-alkylation and acylation of ketones by way of enamine intermediates. Oxidation and reduction in organic chemistry can involve actual electron transfer, when ion-radical intermediates are involved as in the formation of Grignard reagents or in the pinacol reduction. But more often in treating the covalent molecules of organic chemistry atomic oxidation states are used as an artificial bookkeeping device that helps suggest reagent choice for transformations that do not involve literal electron transfer. Oxidation states are assigned by pretending that covalent bonds between different atoms are purely ionic.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Imines
07:16 - Chapter 2. Amino Acid Synthesis
17:14 - Chapter 3. Enamine Alkylation and Acylation
26:48 - Chapter 4. Oxidation and Reduction as Electron Transfer
33:04 - Chapter 5. Oxidation and Reduction as Bookkeeping: Atomic Oxidation States
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
This lecture aims at developing facility with devising plausible mechanisms for acid- and base-catalyzed reactions of carbonyl compounds, carboxylic acids, and their derivatives. When steric hindrance inhibits the A/D mechanism of Fischer esterification, an acid-catalyzed D/A mechanism can still occur. Substituent influence on the equilibrium constants for carbonyl hydration demonstrates four effects: bond strength, steric, electron withdrawal, and conjugation. Cyclic acetals play an important role in protecting the carbonyl groups of sugars, but acetals also can be used to protect alcohols, as can silyl ethers. Using amines instead of alcohols allows converting carbonyl compounds to imines via carbinolamines.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Fischer Esterification and Steric Hindrance
13:07 - Chapter 2. Carbonyl Hydration
24:34 - Chapter 3. Protecting Carbonyls and Sugars
38:24 - Chapter 4. Protecting Alcohols
45:44 - Chapter 5. Imines
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Painstaking studies of his "hexaphenylethane" and its reactivity convinced Gomberg that he had prepared the first trivalent carbon compound, triphenylmethyl radical, the discovery of which marked the emergence of fundamental organic chemistry in America. Isotopic labeling could decide whether protonated cyclopropane plays a role in Friedel-Crafts alkylation. C-13 NMR spectra of aldehydes and ketones show how characteristic chemical shifts are established empirically. The carbonyl group is thermodynamically stable but kinetically reactive. Its acid- and base-catalyzed reactions often involve loss of an [gr]α-proton to form an enol or enolate intermediate. Carboxylic acids display four fundamentally different reaction patterns. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetals illustrates a multistep reaction mechanism involving the carbonyl group.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Triphenylmethyl: Chemistry Comes to America
15:39 - Chapter 2. Protonated Cyclopropane in Friedel-Crafts Alkylation?
22:05 - Chapter 3. Carbonyl Compounds: Energy and Spectroscopy
26:06 - Chapter 4. Carbonyl Compounds: Reactivity Patterns
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
The Friedel-Crafts reaction creates new alkyl- or acyl-aromatic bonds, with or without cation rearrangement. Designing reaction sequences, especially those involving diazonium intermediates, so as to access a wide variety of substituted benzenes provides a good introduction to the challenges of synthetic organic chemistry. Aromatic rings with strong electron withdrawal can undergo nucleophilic aromatic substitution, which plays an important role in biochemistry. The special properties of phenyl-substituted alkanes, especially benzylic reactivity and steric hindrance, played an important role in the development of organic chemistry a century ago.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Discovery of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation
13:26 - Chapter 2. Avoiding Friedel-Crafts Rearrangements
19:48 - Chapter 3. Synthetic Accessibility via Aromatic Substitution. Diazonium Salts
35:15 - Chapter 4. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution and NADH Reduction
40:44 - Chapter 5. Benzylic Reactivity, Steric Hindrance, and Moses Gomberg
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Proton decoupling simplifies C-13 NMR spectra. Dilute double labeling with C-13 confirmed the complex rearrangement scheme in steroid biosynthesis. Two-dimensional NMR yields correlations between NMR signals that underlie structural determination of proteins and identification of the mechanism of a rapid carbocation rearrangement. Substitution of an electrophile for a proton on an aromatic ring proceeds by a two-step association-dissociation mechanism involving a cyclohexadienyl cation intermediate. The relative rates of forming various products from substituted benzenes correlates with the substituents' influences on the stability of the various cyclohexadienyl cation intermediates. The spectrum of electrophile reactivities is very broad. Important contributions for activating electrophiles were made by Friedel and Crafts working in Paris.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Proton Decoupling
04:39 - Chapter 2. C-13 NMR: Double Labeling and Lanosterol Biosynthesis
19:51 - Chapter 3. 2-D NMR for Protein Structure and Rearrangement Rate
39:07 - Chapter 4. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Substituent Effects
46:25 - Chapter 5. Electrophile Activation: Friedel and Crafts
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Because spin-spin splitting depends on electron spin precisely at a nucleus, splitting by a C-13 depends on its orbital's hybridization. "Higher-order effects" that give complex multiplets for nuclei with similar chemical shifts can be understood in terms of the mixing of wave functions of similar energy. Averaging of chemical shifts or spin-spin splitting may be used to measure the rate of rapid changes in molecular structure, such as changes in conformation or hydrogen bonding. Since the spectroscopic time scale depends on frequency differences, averaging is easier in NMR than in IR. A typical problem involves predicting the NMR spectrum of a compound with diastereotopic groups. In proton decoupling radio frequency irradiation of a particular proton can make it cease to split the NMR signals from nearby protons.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Hybridization and Splitting by C-13
09:39 - Chapter 2. Higher-Order Effects: Why Methane Gives a Singlet
15:57 - Chapter 3. Averaging and the NMR Time Scale
25:04 - Chapter 4. Predicting an NMR Spectrum
42:32 - Chapter 5. Electrophile Activation: Friedel and Crafts
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Through-space interaction between magnets of fixed strength and orientation averages to zero during random molecular tumbling, suggesting that the local field about a proton should be sensitive only to electrons that orbit about itself. The chemical shift can be sensitive to electrons orbiting elsewhere if the amount of orbiting varies with molecular orientation. This "diamagnetic anisotropy" is commonly used to rationalize the unusual chemical shifts of protons in acetylene and in aromatic and antiaromatic compounds. The other source of a proton's local field is nearby magnetic nuclei, which can be counted by the splitting multiplicity. Unlike chemical shift, which is measured in fractional units because it depends on the strength of the applied field, this spin-spin splitting (J), measured in Hz, is dependent only on molecular structure. J depends not on spatial proximity, but on orbital overlap, which, remarkably, is larger for anti- than for eclipsed conformations.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Diamagnetic Anisotropy and Aromaticity
20:50 - Chapter 2. Multiplicity in Spin-Spin Splitting
36:05 - Chapter 3. Tumbling, Orbitals, and the Magnitude of J
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) requires gradients in the applied magnetic field, while chemical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) requires a highly uniform field. When protons in different parts of the body can be driven to broadcast different frequencies, tomography allows reconstructing a three-dimensional image showing water location. Dependence of the signal intensity on relaxation allows BOLD functional MRI that shows brain activity. When the applied magnetic field is sufficiently uniform, chemical NMR spectra differentiate proton signals according to local field variations within molecules. Modern research in a chemical laboratory like Yale's depends on the availability of many magnetic resonance spectrometers. Peak integrals show the relative number of protons in different molecular environments, while peak frequencies or "chemical shifts" show the bonding environment of groups of protons. Often downfield (deshielded) or upfield (shielded) shifts are correlated with local electron density.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Tomography, Field Gradients, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
16:16 - Chapter 2. The Development of NMR Spectroscopy
29:16 - Chapter 3. Counting Protons by Integration
37:33 - Chapter 4. Local Magnetic Fields and the Chemical Shift
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Infrared spectroscopy provides information for analyzing molecular structure and for understanding bonding and dynamics. Although the normal modes of alkanes involve complex coordinated vibration of many atoms, the unusual strengths of multiple bonds give alkenes and alkynes distinctive stretching frequencies. The intensity of characteristic out-of-plane C-H bending peaks allows assignment of alkene configuration. Characteristic carbonyl stretching peaks in various functional groups demonstrate the importance of pi- and sigma-conjugation. The complex fingerprint region of IR spectra differentiates the subtle isomerism of polymorphic crystalline pharmaceuticals. A 90° phase lag between force and velocity explains the precession of tops and of magnetic nuclei in a magnetic field. Nuclear precession in the combination of a stationary magnet and a pulsed radio-frequency field can be visualized by means of the "rotating frame."
00:00 - Chapter 1. IR Frequencies of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
16:43 - Chapter 2. IR Frequencies of Carbonyl Groups: the Influence of Conjugation
29:54 - Chapter 3. IR Fingerprints in Pharmaceutical Characterization
33:49 - Chapter 4. The Precession of Magnetic Nuclei
49:35 - Chapter 5. Radio Pulses and the Rotating Frame
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Time-dependent quantum mechanics shows how mixing orbitals of different energy causes electrons to vibrate. Mixing 1s with 2p causes a vibration that can absorb or generate light, while mixing 1s with 2s causes "breathing" that does not interact with light. Many natural organic chromophores involve mixing an unshared electron pair with a vacant pi orbital, whose conjugation determines color. Infrared spectra reveal atomic vibration frequencies, which are related by Hooke's law to bond strengths and "reduced" masses. Infrared spectra are complicated by the coupling of local oscillators of similar frequency to give "normal" modes. Alkane chains possess characteristic stretching and bending modes, with descriptive names, that may, or may not, absorb infrared light.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Electronic Spectroscopy: Atomic Absorption and Time Dependence
12:58 - Chapter 2. Organic Chromophores
19:38 - Chapter 3. Infrared Spectra, Hooke's Law, and Vibrational Frequency
33:09 - Chapter 4. Why IR is Complicated: Coupled Oscillators and Normal Modes
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Cyclic conjugation that arises when p-orbitals touch one another can be as important for transition states as aromaticity is for stable molecules. It is the controlling factor in "pericyclic" reactions. Regiochemistry, stereochemistry, and kinetics show that two new sigma bonds are being formed simultaneously, if not symmetrically, in the 6-electron Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Although thermal dimerization of thymine residues in DNA is forbidden, photochemistry allows the 4-electron cycloaddition. "Electrocyclic" ring opening or closing chooses a conrotatory Möbius pathway, or a disrotatory Hückel pathway, according to the number of electron pairs involved and whether light is used in the process. Dewar benzene provides an example of a very unstable molecule that can be formed photochemically and then persists because of unfavorable orbital overlap in the transition state for ring opening.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Aromatic Ions
05:59 - Chapter 2. Pericyclic Reactions: Cycloaddition, the Diels-Alder Reaction, and Photochemistry
28:15 - Chapter 3. Electrocyclic Stereochemistry
44:27 - Chapter 4. How Bad is "Forbidden"? Opening Dewar Benzene
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Despite the substantial change in the energy of individual orbitals, the overall pi-electron energy and orbital shape changes little upon linear conjugation of two double bonds. Conjugation energy of polyenes and allylic systems may be predicted by means of a semicircle mnemonic. The much greater stabilization in "aromatic" conjugated rings, and Hückel's 4n+2 rule, derive from alternating stabilization and destabilization of successive orbitals when the ends of a conjugated chain overlap as it is closed to form a ring. A circle mnemonic predicts orbital energies for conjugated rings. This aromaticity concept is generalized to heteroaromatic compounds like furan and imidazole, to polycyclic compounds like naphthalene, and to hydrocarbon ions like cyclopentadienide.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Why is Diene Stabilization Small? Orbital Mixing and the Semicircle Mnemonic
22:36 - Chapter 2. Benzene, Hückel's 4n+2 Rule, and the Circle Mnemonic
35:59 - Chapter 3. Generalization: Nonbenzenoid Aromaticity
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Because of their unusual acidity very strong base makes it possible to isomerize an internal acetylene to the less stable terminal isomer. Many chemical reactions may be understood in terms of localized bonds, but the special stability of conjugated systems requires considering delocalized orbitals or "resonance." Equilibrium constants, rates, and regiochemistry in systems involving allylic cations, anions, transition states, and free radicals demonstrate that allylic conjugation is worth about 13 kcal/mole. Regioselection in addition of DCl to 1,3-pentadiene reveals rapid collapse of an allylic ion pair. Allylic substitution of bromine can be favored over Br2 addition by using NBS to control Br2 concentration. Diene conjugation is worth much less than allylic conjugation.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Addition to Acetylenes: Regio- and Stereochemistry
14:05 - Chapter 2. Acidity and Isomerization of Acetylenes
20:30 - Chapter 3. When Does Conjugation Matter? Allylic Intermediates and Transition States
38:28 - Chapter 4. Allylic Radicals and Allylic Bromination
47:57 - Chapter 5. Modest Stabilization of Conjugated Dienes
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Isoprenoid or terpene natural products, that seem to be made from isoprene (2-methylbutadiene), are formed by oligomerization of electrophilic isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP). Latex, the polymer of IPP, became commercially important when Charles Goodyear, a New Haven native, discovered how to vulcanize rubber. Statistical mechanics explains such curious properties of rubber as contraction upon heating when tightly stretched. Specific chemical treatment confers useful properties on a wide variety of polymers, including hair, synthetic rubber, and plastics. The structure of copolymers demonstrates non-Hammond behavior and ionic character in the transition state for free-radical polymerization.
00:00 - Chapter 1. IPP as the Carbon Electrophile in Isoprenoid Biosynthesis
13:56 - Chapter 2. Latex, Rubber, and Vulcanization
20:14 - Chapter 3. Understanding Vulcanization - Polymer Properties and Statistical Mechanics
35:34 - Chapter 4. Other Polymers and Their Properties
38:22 - Chapter 5. Synthetic Polymers and Free-Radical Copolymerization
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Alkenes may be oxidized to diols by permanganate or by OsO4 catalysis. Metal catalysts provide orbitals that allow simultaneous formation of two bonds from metal to alkene or H2. Coupling such oxidative additions to reductive eliminations, provides a low-energy catalytic path for addition of H2 to an alkene. Such catalytic hydrogenation is often said to involve syn stereochemistry, but the primary literature shows that addition can be anti when allylic rearrangement occurs on the catalyst. Similar oxidative/reductive cycles operate in olefin metathesis and metal-catalyzed polymerization. Careful catalyst design allows control over polymer stereochemistry (tacticity). Polymerizations catalyzed by free-radicals or acids typically lack stereochemical control, but there are ways to control regiochemistry and chain length. Latex, a natural polymer, coagulates to form a rubber ball.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Alkene Dihydroxylation
04:28 - Chapter 2. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes: Oxidative Addition, Reductive Elimination
15:08 - Chapter 3. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes: Stereochemistry
25:50 - Chapter 4. Olefin Metathesis, Polymerization, and Tacticity
39:00 - Chapter 5. Radical Polymerization
43:16 - Chapter 6. Electrophilic Oligomerization and Polymerization and Rubber
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
The formation of epoxides and the regiospecificity of their acid- and base-catalyzed ring openings underlines the importance of thinking carefully about how textbooks draw curved arrows and may sometimes read too much into fundamentally inadequate experimental data. The ozonolysis of alkenes begins with several 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions that can be understood in terms of matching HOMOs with LUMOs of the corresponding symmetry. The process continues with acetal hydrolysis and either reduction or oxidation to obtain the desired product. Mechanisms of these typical reactions are analyzed. Although addition to the C=O double bond is usually considered nucleophilic, it can have an important electrophilic component that makes it mechanistically analogous to the "electrophilic" additions to C=C being discussed in these lectures. The use of metals to access orbitals of the proper symmetry is introduced through alkene dihydroxylation via cycloaddition of OsO4.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Regiospecificity in Epoxide Opening: Interpreting Experimental Data
16:02 - Chapter 2. Ozonolysis and 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition
32:59 - Chapter 3. Acetal Hydrolysis and the Completion of Ozonolysis
46:02 - Chapter 4. Electrophilic Participation in Nucleophilic Attack on C=O
48:02 - Chapter 5. Cycloaddition for Dihydroxylation
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
After drill on the mechanism of the pinacol rearrangement, this lecture applies molecular-orbital analysis to simultaneous electrophilic/nucleophilic attack by a single atom to form a three-membered ring from an alkene. These reactions provide drill in consistent use of the curved-arrow formalism for describing electron-pair shifts. Two alternative mechanisms for formation of cyclopropanes by the alkylzinc Simmons-Smith "carbenoid" reagent are proposed, and the one-step mechanism is supported by theory. Epoxidation of alkenes by peroxycarboxylic acids also seems to go by way of a concerted electrophilic/nucleophilic process involving a single transition state. The stereochemistry and scale of various paths to epoxides is discussed in the context of their commercial utility.
00:00 - Chapter 1. The Pinacol Rearrangement Mechanism
04:36 - Chapter 2. Carbenoids and Simmons-Smith Cyclopropanation
17:56 - Chapter 3. Epoxidation by Peroxycarboxylic Acids
38:40 - Chapter 4. Other Routes to Epoxides
46:44 - Chapter 5. Practical Utility of Epoxides
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
When electrophilic addition involves a localized carbocation intermediate, skeletal rearrangement sometimes occurs, but it can be avoided when both alkene carbons are involved in an unsymmetrical 3-center-2-electron bond, as in Markovnikov hydration via alkoxymercuration followed by reduction. Similarly a reagent that attacks both alkene carbons simultaneously by providing a nucleophilic component during electrophilic attack can avoid rearrangement, as in reactions that proceed via three-membered-ring halonium intermediates. Simultaneity in making two bonds during formation of cyclopropanes from carbenes can be demonstrated using stereochemistry. Anti-Markovnikov hydration can be achieved via hydroboration followed by oxidation with hydroperoxide. Rearrangement of the borane hydroperoxide intermediate with frontside C-O bond formation shows close orbital analogy to backside attack during SN2 substitution. Again syn-addition shows that nucleophilic attack occurs simultaneously with electrophilic attack on the alkene.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Forming Unrearranged Alcohols via Hydroxymercuration
07:36 - Chapter 2. Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes with Nucleophilic Participation: Halonium Ions
24:56 - Chapter 3. Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes with Nucleophilic Participation: Carbenes
36:55 - Chapter 4. Anti-Markovnikov Hydration via Hydroboration and Oxidation
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Substition stabilizes alkenes, and addition of acids is thermodynamically favorable in acidic media. Additon to alkenes can involve free-radical, metal-catalyzed, and stepwise electrophilic mechanisms, the last via a cation intermediate. Electrostatics can help position an attacking electrophile like H+, but bonding en route to Markovnikov addition requires orbital mixing to form the more stable cation. Relative cation stability can be understood in terms of hyperconjugation, hybridization, and solvation or polarizability. Stabilization of a carbocation via methide shift can compete with its trapping by solvent. The curious relative rates in stepwise addition of HCl or HBr to alkynes show that halogen substituents are both electron withdrawing and electron donating.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Alkene Thermochemistry
06:19 - Chapter 2. Alkene Addition Mechanisms
22:41 - Chapter 3. Understanding Carbocation Stabilities
39:01 - Chapter 4. Skeletal Rearrangement of Carbocations
43:16 - Chapter 5. Stepwise Addition to Alkynes -- Competing Influences of Halogen
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Bridged pentavalent carbon structures can be intermediates or transition states of cation rearrangement during SN1 reactions, and short-lived ion pairs explain net stereochemical inversion. The different perspectives of preparative organic chemists and mechanistic organic chemists on reaction yields are illustrated by a study designed to demonstrate that molecular rotation can be rate-limiting in viscous solvents. "Electrophilic" addition to alkenes is the reverse of E2 or E1 reaction, and its mechanisms can be studied by analogous techniques. The NIST Webbook provides thermochemical data to help understand the relative stability of isomeric alkenes.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Rearrangement of Cation Intermediates
10:20 - Chapter 2. Studying SN1 and E1 Mechanisms: Stereochemistry and Rate
17:13 - Chapter 3. Preparative and Mechanistic Perspectives on Competing Reactions
20:51 - Chapter 4. Preparing t-Butylhydrazine to Study Rate-Limiting Motion
36:46 - Chapter 5. "Electrophilic" Addition to Alkenes
41:41 - Chapter 6. NIST Webbook and the Stability of Isomeric Alkenes
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Preliminary X-ray analysis of molecules that have been designed to favor a carbon with five bonds seemed to suggest the possibility of a pentavalent intermediate in SN2 reactions, but further analysis of these structures showed just the opposite. Boron, however, can be pentavalent in such an environment. E2, SN1 and E1 mechanisms compete with the SN2 reaction. Factors controlling E2 eliminations are illuminated by kinetic isotope effects, stereochemistry, and regiochemistry. The competition between E2 and SN2 mechanisms influence the design of synthetic schemes, including those in which carbon nucleophiles play an important role. SN1 and E1 reactions involve carbocation intermediates and thus the possibility that the carbon skeleton will rearrange.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Using X-Ray to Investigate the Possibility of a Pentavalent Carbon Intermediate
14:41 - Chapter 2. The E2 Reaction and Kinetic Isotope Effects
19:51 - Chapter 3. Stereochemistry & Regiochemistry of E2 Elimination
32:20 - Chapter 4. Strategies for Substitution in Organic Synthesis
41:39 - Chapter 5. SN1 and E1 Reactions - Kinetic Evidence for SN1 Substitution
45:09 - Chapter 6. Carbocation Intermediates: Competition and Rearrangement
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
The nature of nucleophiles and leaving groups has strong influence on the rate of SN2 reactions. Generally a good nucleophile or strong base is a poor leaving group, but hydrogen-bonding solvents can alter nucleophile reactivity. Although amino and hydroxyl groups are poor leaving groups, they may be converted to groups that leave easily, even from bridgehead positions. Designing the preparation of a sugar analogue containing radioactive fluorine shows how understanding the SN2 mechanism enables PET scanning for medical imaging. Quantum mechanics suggests that the pentavalent carbon species on the SN2 reaction pathway is a transition state, not a stable structure.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Chapter 1. Nucleophilicity and the Influence of Solvent
02:34 - Chapter 2. Leaving Groups & Bridgehead Substitution
11:12 - Chapter 3. Making OH a Leaving Group
27:48 - Chapter 4. Accelerating SN2 to Support PET Scanning
44:57 - Chapter 5. Using Theory to Investigate the Possibility of a Pentavalent Carbon Intermediate
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
SN2 substitution provides an example of establishing the mechanism of a chemical reaction by disproving all the alternatives. Five general pathways are envisioned (two-step involving either pentavalent or trivalent carbon intermediates, and one-step). They can be discriminated by applying a variety of experimental tools including stereochemistry (Walden inversion), rate law (second order and pseudo first order), and the variation of rate constant with changes in the substrate (steric hindrance and ring strain), and with changes in nucleophile or leaving group. Classic experiments by Kenyon and Phillips and by Bartlett and Knox established the nature of Walden inversion.
00:00 - Chapter 1. "Proving" a Mechanism by Imagining and Disproving All the Alternatives
06:03 - Chapter 2. Kenyon and Phillips Pinpoint Backside Attack in Nucleophilic Substitution
18:56 - Chapter 3. Using Kinetics to Study Mechanisms -- Rate Law
25:47 - Chapter 4. Rate Constant -- the Influence of Substrate Structure
25:47 - Chapter 5. Rate Constant -- the Influence of Nucleophile and Leaving Group
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
The coincidentally substantial extent of ionic dissociation of water provides an example of Brønsted acidity, or nucleophilic substitution at hydrogen. Relative pKa values are insensitive enough to solvent that they provide insight on the role of energy-match, overlap, and resonance in ionic dissociation. The titration of alanine in water illustrates the experimental determination of pKa values and the phenomenon of buffering. The limited pKa scale in water can be extended dramatically by titration in other solvents, providing one of the best ways to measure many "effects" in organic chemistry. A wide range of important organic reactions discovered in the 19th century and many biochemical reactions can be understood under the rubric of nucleophilic substitution.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Solvent Influence on Ionic Dissociation
04:45 - Chapter 2. Brønsted Acidity as Nucleophilic Substitution at Hydrogen
11:09 - Chapter 3. Understanding Relative pKa in Terms of Energy Match and Overlap
21:18 - Chapter 4. Measuring the pKa values of Alanine
29:09 - Chapter 5. Factors that Influence pKa over an Expanded Range
37:06 - Chapter 6. The Generality of Nucleophilic Substitution
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Most organic reactions occur in solution, and particularly in the case of ions, one must consider non-bonded interactions with neighboring molecules. Non-bonded interactions, including hydrogen-bonding, also determine such physical properties as boiling point. For the most part these interactions may be understood in terms of electrostatics and polarizability. Artificial or natural ion carriers (ionophores) can be tailored to bind specific ions. Energetically the ionic dissociation of water in the gas phase is prohibitively expensive.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Puzzle on Alcohol Oxidation Mechanisms
02:58 - Chapter 2. Solvation, Boiling Points, and "Intramolecular Solvation"
11:45 - Chapter 3. Solvophobic Forces and Hydrogen-Bonding
28:09 - Chapter 4. Ionophores and Phase-Transfer Catalysis
45:05 - Chapter 5. Energetics of Gas-Phase Heterolysis
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
A student provides insight on fractional-order rate laws. Bonds involving atoms with lone-pair electrons are weakened by electron-pair repulsion. Electronegativity differences between atoms make ionic dissociation (heterolysis) easier and radical dissociation (homolysis) harder, although Pauling's definition of electronegativity makes the logic of the latter effect somewhat circular. The course transitions from free-radical reactions to ionic reactions by discussing solvent properties, in particular the electrostatic properties of alkyl halides and alkanes..
00:00 - Chapter 1. Generalization of Fractional-Order Rate Laws
03:44 - Chapter 2. Electron-Pair Repulsion and Bond Dissociation Energy
07:48 - Chapter 3. Heterolysis and Homolysis - Pauling's Electronegativity and Bond Dissociation Energy
27:04 - Chapter 4. Alkyl Halides -- Electrostatics, Non-bonded Interactions, and Solvent Properties
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
Curious kinetic orders can be mechanistically informative. Fractional kinetic orders suggest dissociation of a dominant aggregate to give a smaller reactive species. An apparent negative kinetic order, due to competition with a second-order process, leads to spontaneous deracemization of chiral crystals. Changes in bond dissociation energies can be due to differences in bonds or in radicals. Although it is often said that the order of alkyl radical stability is tertiary, secondary, primary, careful analysis suggests that the order of bond dissociation energies may be due to differences in the alkanes rather than in the radicals. Hammond helped organic chemists begin to think systematically about predicting relative reaction rates by suggesting that the transition states of more exothermic reactions should lie closer to the starting materials in structure and energy.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Processes with Fractional or Negative Kinetic Orders
17:28 - Chapter 2. Problems in Understanding Relative Bond Dissociation Energies
37:34 - Chapter 3. Predicting Relative Rate Constants -- The Hammond Postulate
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Freshman Organic Chemistry II (CHEM 125B)
This second semester of Freshman Organic Chemistry builds on the first semester's treatment of molecular structure and energy* to discuss how reaction mechanisms have been discovered and understood. It also treats the spectroscopy and synthesis of organic molecules. Reactions and their rates can be understood in terms of reaction-coordinate diagrams involving the passage of a set of atoms through the "transition state" on the potential-energy surface. Analysis of bond-dissociation energies suggests a chain mechanism for free-radical halogenation of alkanes. Experimental determination of kinetic order provides insight into complex reaction schemes, especially when one step is rate-limiting.
00:00 - Chapter 1. Energy and the reaction coordinate
07:31 - Chapter 2. Bond Strength and the Mechanism of Free-Radical Substitution
27:23 - Chapter 3. Complex Reactions and Kinetic Order
Complete course materials are available at the Open Yale Courses website: http://oyc.yale.edu
This course was recorded in Spring 2011.
Module 9: End of Life
M9A MoDRN Introduction to Biodegradation
This module introduces life cycle management and biodegradation concepts.
Module 7: Feedstocks
M7B MoDRN Feedstocks: Renewable Feedstocks
In this module, Prof. Anastas describes petroleum and renewable resources feedstocks and provides examples of the most transformative research in this area.
Introduction to Green Chemistry - final thoughts.
Module 10: Accidents
M10D MoDRN Accidents: Green Chemistry Approaches to Accidents
In this Module, Prof. Anastas discusses the history of chemical accidents and shows how green chemistry can be used to design safer industrial systems. This video describes successful green chemistry approaches that help to avoid accidents.
Module 10: Accidents
M10A MoDRN Accidents: Disasters
In this Module, Prof. Anastas discusses the history of chemical accidents and shows how green chemistry can be used to design safer industrial systems.
Module 10: Accidents
In this Module, Prof. Anastas discusses the history of chemical accidents and shows how green chemistry can be used to design safer industrial systems.
Module 10: Accidents
M10B MoDRN Accidents: Design Flaws
In this Module, Prof. Anastas discusses the history of chemical accidents and shows how green chemistry can be used to design safer industrial systems.
Module 8: Catalysis
M8B MoDRN Catalysis: Catalyst Experiment
In this Module, Prof. Anastas shows the transformative role of catalysis on industry and associated material and energy benefits.
Module 8: Catalysis
M8A MoDRN Catalysis: Catalysis Introduction and Lifecycle
In this Module, Prof. Anastas shows the transformative role of catalysis on industry and associated material and energy benefits.
Module 7: Feedstocks
M7A MoDRN Feedstocks
In this module, Prof. Anastas describes petroleum and renewable resources feedstocks and provides examples of the most transformative research in this area.
Module 6: Energy
M6E MoDRN Energy: Water Quality and Quantity Considerations
This module introduces energy efficiency and some key energy aspects which need to be considered when designing a product.
Module 6: Energy
M6D MoDRN Energy: Water Energy Nexus Desalination Example
This module introduces energy efficiency and some key energy aspects which need to be considered when designing a product.
Module 6: Energy
M6C MoDRN Energy: Water as Energy
This module introduces energy efficiency and some key energy aspects which need to be considered when designing a product.
Module 6: Energy
M6B MoDRN Energy: Energy Lifecycle Considerations Styrofoam Box Example
This module introduces energy efficiency and some key energy aspects which need to be considered when designing a product. This module analyses the energy needed to produce a styrofoam box.
Module 6: Energy
M6A MoDRN Energy: Energy Efficiency Energy Use and Predictions
This module introduces energy efficiency and some key energy aspects which need to be considered when designing a product.
Module 5: Solvents
M5C Solvents: Applications
In this module, Prof. Anastas assesses the impact of solvent usage and identifies safer solvent systems and the subsequent benefits.
Module 5: Solvents
M5B Solvents: Why Use Solvents
In this module, Prof. Anastas assesses the impact of solvent usage and identifies safer solvent systems and the subsequent benefits.
Module 5: Solvents
M5A Solvents: Introduction
In this module, Prof. Anastas assesses the impact of solvent usage and identifies safer solvent systems and the subsequent benefits.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4G MoDRN Safer Chemicals: Examples of Safer Chemical Design II
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4F MoDRN Safer Chemicals: Examples of Failed Chemical Design
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4E MoDRN Safer Chemicals: Examples of Safer Chemical Design I
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4D MoDRN Safer Chemicals: Designing Safer Chemicals
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4B MoDRN Safer Chemicals: Hazard and Physico Chemical Properties
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4C MoDRN Safer Chemicals: Strategies To Minimize Hazard Through Design
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 4: Designing Safer Chemicals
M4A MoDRN Safer Chemicals: The 4th Principle of Green Chemistry
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces concepts of rational chemical design for reduced hazard.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3I MoDRN Toxicology Dose Response
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard. In this video, Prof Anastas introduces the concept of dose-response curves.
Module 3: Toxicology
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard. This video explains different limitations of toxicological studies.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3H MoDRN Toxicology Chemical Interactions
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard. This video illustrates addition, synergism and antagonism effects of chemicals.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3G MoDRN Toxicology Factors Affecting Toxicity
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard. In this module, Prof. Anastas explains the difference between systemic and organ toxicants and lists factors which influence toxicity.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3F MoDRN Toxicology Toxicity Categories
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard. In this video, Prof. Anastas describes acute and chronic toxicity types.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3E MoDRN Toxicology ADME
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard. In this video, Prof. Anastas explains the concept of ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion).
Module 3: Toxicology
M3D MoDRN Toxicology Dose and Exposure
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3B MoDRN Toxicology
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard.
Module 3: Toxicology
M3A MoDRN Toxicology Toxic Substances
In this module Prof. Anastas introduces basic concepts of toxicity and molecular basis of hazard.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2J Foundation E Factor
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2I Foundation Atom Economy
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2H Foundation Yield and Limiting Reagent Concept
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2F Foundation Types of Reactions
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2G Foundation Stoichiometry Example
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2E Foundation Drawing and Naming Molecules
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2D Foundation Introduction to Molecules
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry. This video explains basic rules, which govern chemical nomenclature.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2C Foundation Periodic Trend of Electonic Properties
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry. This video explains what electronic properties can be derived from the periodic table.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2B Foundation Periodic Trend of Physical Properties
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry. In this video we explain what physical properties can be determined from the periodic table.
Module 2: Chemical Foundation
M2A Foundation Periodic Table
This module introduces chemical building blocks and metrics, which are essential to understand the core concepts of green chemistry. This video explains the atom arrangement in the periodic table.
Module 1: Introduction
M1H MoDRN_Introduction: Historic and Ideal Community Relationships
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
Module 1: Introduction
M1G MoDRN Introduction: Life Cycle
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
Module 1: Introduction
M1F MoDRN Introduction: Green Chemistry's Role in Sustainability
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
Module 1: Introduction
M1E MoDRN Introduction: The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world. In this video, Prof. Anastas introduces The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry.
Module 1: Introduction
M1D MoDRN Introduction: Definition of Green Chemistry
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world. In this video, Prof. Anastas explains the 21-word definition of green chemistry.
Module 1: Introduction
M1C MoDRN Introduction: It is Not My Job
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
Module 1: Introduction
M1B_MoDRN_Introduction: State of the Planet
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas explains the 21-word definition of green chemistry. Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
In this module, Prof. Anastas introduces the concept of green chemistry, its principles and explains why using green chemistry can lead to fundamental changes and a sustainable world.
You can directly support Crash Course at http://www.subbable.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Also, if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing great content.
In this final episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank takes us on a tour of the The Global Carbon Cycle and how it all works. From Carbon Fixation to Redox Reactions, it's all contained within!
--
Table of Contents
The Carbon Cycle 0:51
Carbon Fixation 2:55
Cellular & Macroscopic Respiration in Living Things 4:59
Deposition in Limestone & Fossil Fuels 6:27
Redox Reactions Everywhere 4:27
Excessive Use of Fossil Fuels = Possible End of Humanity 7:45
--
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Did you know that Polymers save the lives of Elephants? Well, now you do! The world of Polymers is so amazingly integrated into our daily lives that we sometimes forget how amazing they are. Here, Hank talks about how they were developed an the different types of Polymers that are common in the world today, including some that may surprise you.
--
Table of Contents
Commercial Polymers & Saved Elephants 0:00
Ethene AKA Ethylene 2:29
Addition Reactions 3:08
Ethene Based Polymers 4:44
Addition Polymerization & Condensation Reactions 6:32
Proteins & Other Natural Polymers 8:33
--
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Ever feel like there's a international team of bad guys changing all of the easily remembered chemical names and turning them into test-failing, number-infused, pain in the neck names? Well... you're not wrong. IUPAC exists but try to keep in mind that they're doing it for the greater good. In this episode, Hank talks about IUPAC, prefixes, suffixes, ranking, numbers for carbon chains, and cis or trans double bonds.
Common Functional Groups: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F....unctional_group#Tabl
--
Table of Contents
IUPAC 0:00
Every Organic Compound Has Only One Name 1:02
Prefixes 2:16
Suffixes 2:47
Ranking Functional Groups 4:18
Lowest Possible Numbers for Carbon Chains 1:54
Cis or Trans for Double Bonds 6:35
--
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Functional groups? Functional groups within functional groups? Hank takes today's Crash Course video to discuss some confusing ideas about Hydrocarbon Derivatives, but then makes it all make more sense.
--
Table of Contents
Alcohols 1:53
Hydroxyl Groups 3:51
Aldehydes 2:47
Carboxylic Acid 4:06
Acetone is a Ketone 4:43
Ethers and Esters 5:49
Amines 6:39
--
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What's that smell? Smell's like Organic Chemistry! This week Hank talks about Aromatics and Cyclic Compounds and naming their substituents, resonance as well as common reactions & uses.
--
Table of Contents
Cyclic Organic Compounds & Naming Their Constituents 1:06
Aromatic Compounds 3:02
Resonance 3:18
Naming Aromatic Compounds 5:05
Common Reactions & Uses 7:24
--
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Today Hank talks about the deliciousness of alkenes & alkynes, their structures, and how to remember which is which by simply knowing the alphabet. Also, he breaks down hydrogenation, halogenation, polymerization, and triglycerides all while helping us figure out the meaning of different names for fats.
--
Table of Contents
Alkenes & Alkynes 1:14
Naming Rules 1:39
Cis-Trans Isomerism 3:29
Hydrogenation, Halogenation, Polymerization, and Triglycerides 4:40
Meanings of Fat Names 5:50
--
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In which Hank introduces us to the world of Organic Chemistry and, more specifically, the power of hydrocarbon. He talks about the classifications of organic compounds, the structures & properties of alkanes, isomers, and naming an alkane all by observing its structure.
--
Table of Contents
Classifications of Organic Compounds 2:25
Structures & Properties of Alkanes 3:12
Isomers 3:49
Naming an Alkane Based on its Structure 5:03
--
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Continuing our look at Nuclear Chemistry, Hank takes this episode to talk about Fusion and Fission. What they mean, how they work, their positives, negatives, and dangers. Plus, E=mc2, Mass Defect, and Applications of Fission and Fusion in the real world!
--
Table of Contents
E=mc2
Mass Defect
Fission vs. Fusion
Applications in the Real World
--
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In this episode, Hank welcomes you to the new age, to the new age, welcome to the new age. Here he'll talk about transmutation among elements, isotopes, calculating half-life, radioactive decay, and spontaneous fission.
SUBBABLE MESSAGE:
"To Crash Course
From Shawn, Mike, Sophia, and Jake"
"Thank you for using humor while educating and inspiring."
--
Table of Contents
Radioactivity
Transmutation Among Elements and Isotopes
Calculating Half-Life
Radioactive Decay
Spontaneous Fission
--
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How did we get here? Well, in terms of Atomic Chemistry, Hank takes us on a tour of the folks that were part of the long chain of other folks who helped us get to these deeper understandings of the world. From Leucippus to Heisenberg to you - yes, YOU - the story of Atomic Chemistry is all wibbly-wobbly... and amazing.
--
Table of Contents
Leucippus, Democritus & Atomic Theory 0:09
Discharge Tubes 1:52
Ernest Rutherford & The Nucleus 4:22
Chemistry = Math 7:22
Niels Bohr Model 5:32
Heisenburg & Quantum Theory 6:35
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Chemistry raised to the power of AWESOME! That's what Hank is talking about today with Electrochemistry. Contained within, Hank discusses electrochemical reactions, half reactions, how batteries work, galvanic cells, voltage, standard reduction potential, cell potential, electrolysis, and electro plating and the things that go into making it possible for you to watch this episode of Crash Course Chemistry!
--
Table of Contents
Electro Chemical Reactions 0:13
Half Reactions 1:42
How Batteries Work 1:47
Galvanic Cells 3:18
Calculating Voltage 4:12
Standard Reduction Potential 4:42
Standard Cell Potential 6:03
Electrolysis 7:24
Electroplating 7:02
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In this episode, we talk about Silicon Valley's namesake and how network solids are at the heart of it all. Hank also discusses Solid-State Semiconductors, N-Type and P-Type Semiconductors, Diodes, Transistors, Computer Chips, and Binary Code. All from the same thing that makes up sand!
--
Table of Contents
Silicon Network Solids 1:25
Network Arrangements 1:52
Solid-State Semiconductors 5:08
N-Type and P-Type Semiconductors 5:11
Diodes and Transistors 6:10
Computer Chips and Binary Code 7:43
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In this episode, Hank talks about Network solids and Carbon and how you can actually create a Diamond from plain old Carbon... well, YOU probably can't unless you own a bunch of elephants. It's a long story. BUT, within you will learn about Solid Networks, Diamond and Graphite Network Structures, as well as Sheet and 3D Networks. It's not making diamonds from scratch, but it's still pretty cool!
--
Table of Contents
Solid Networks 1:54
Diamond and Graphite Network Structures 3:03
Sheet and 3D Networks 0:48
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In which Hank blows our minds with the different kinds of Solids out there and talks about why they're all different and have different properties. Today, you'll learn about amorphous and crystalline solids, types of crystalline solids, types of crystalline atomic solids, properties of each type of solid, and that the properties depend on the bond types.
***** AND NOW, A SUBBABLE MESSAGE! *****
"Don't forget to be awesome, Dad! (For Tony) (Benji assisted)"
- Daniel Smith
--
Table of Contents
Amorphous and Crystalline Solids 1:27
Types of Crystalline Solids 4:07
Types of Crystalline Atomic Solids 5:17
Properties of Each Type of Solid 4:16
Properties Depend on Bond Types 6:17
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Have you ever been to a Demolition Derby? Then you have an idea of how molecular collisions happen. In this episode, Hank talks about collisions between molecules and atoms, activation energy, writing rate laws, equilibrium expressions, reactions mechanics, and rate-determining steps. And funnel cakes are AWESOME!
***** AND NOW, A SUBBABLE MESSAGE! *****
"Jane McLauchlan, thank you for decreasing worldsuck. I love you!"
- Charlotte Thornton
--
Table of Contents
Collisions Between Molecules and Atoms 0:00
Activation Energy 1:32
Writing Rate Laws 3:28
Rate Laws and Equilibrium Expressions 5:30
Reaction Mechanisms 8:06
Rate-Determining Steps 7:04
--
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In this episode, Hank talks about how nutty our world is via Buffers! He defines buffers and their compositions, talks about carbonate buffering systems in nature, acid rain, pH of buffers, and titration. Plus, a really cool experiment using indicators to showcase just how awesome buffers are.
***** AND NOW, A SUBBABLE MESSAGE! *****
"Olena, you Spanish-speaking Ukrainian, will you marry me?"
-Emannuel Martinez
--
Table of Contents
Nature is Nutty 0:00
Carbonate Buffering and Acid Rain 0:35
Definition of Buffers 1:47
Composition of Buffers 2:26
pH of Buffers 3:33
Titration 7:43
Carbonate Buffering in Nature 7:12
--
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In this episode, Hank goes over Reversible Reactions, the water dissociation constant, what pH and pOH actually mean, Acids, Bases, and Neutral Substances as well as the not-so-terrifying Logarithms, strong acids, weak acids, and how to calculate pH and pOH. Oh, and litmus paper!
***** AND NOW, A SUBBABLE MESSAGE! *****
"Daisy, we love you more than you love John and Hank!
From Mum and Nemo."
--
Table of Contents
Reversible Reactions 3:40
Water Dissociation Constant 5:00
Acids, Bases, & Neutral Substances 6:38
Strong and Weak Acids 7:43
Logarithms 1:46
Calculating pH and pOH 8:45
Cool Mathematical Connections 9:54
--
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In which Hank shows you that, while it may seem like the Universe is messing with us, equilibrium isn't a cosmic trick. Here, he shows you how to calculate equilibrium constant & conditions of reactions and use RICE tables all with some very easy, not-so-scary math.
***** AND NOW, A SUBBABLE MESSAGE! *****
"Happy 18th birthday to Kaylee Firestone who always remembers to be awesome!
From Vivian and Stan Firestone."
--
Table of Contents
Calculating an Equilibrium Constant 1:21
Calculating Conditions of Reactions 3:00
RICE Tables 4:26
Quadratic Equations 6:43
--
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In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank goes over the ideas of keeping your life balance... well, your chemical life. Equilibrium is all about balance and today Hank discusses Chemical Equilibrium, Concentration, Temperature, and Pressure. Also, he'll chat about Le Chatalier's Principle and Fritz Haber.
--
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Equilibrium = Balance: 0:19
Chemical Equilibrium: 1:25
Le Chatalier's Principle 4:37
Fritz Haber 5:31
--
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This week, Hank elaborates on why Fugu can kill you by illustrating the ideas of solutions and discussing molarity, molality, and mass percent. Also, why polar solvents dissolve polar solutes, and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes. All that plus Henry's Law and why Coke = Burps.
--
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Molarity, Molality, and Mass Percent 1:34
Polar Solvents Dissolve Polar Solutes 2:21
Nonpolar Solvents Dissolve Nonpolar Solutes 2:21
Henry's Law 5:15
Coke=Burps 4:00
--
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In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank gives you the low down on things like London Dispersion Forces, Hydrogen Bonds, Cohesion, Adhesion, Viscosity, Capillary Action, Surface Tension, and why liquids are just... WEIRD!
--
TABLE OF CONTENTS
London Dispersion Forces 3:18
Dipole-Dipole Forces 4:45
Hydrogen Bonds 5:29
Cohesion 7:57
Adhesion 9:24
Viscosity 8:41
Capillary Action 9:03
Surface Tension 8:10
--
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*** PLEASE WATCH WITH ANNOTATIONS ON! SOME INACCURACIES IN GRAPHICS ARE NOTED AND CORRECTED IN ANNOTATIONS. THANKS! ***
Molecules come in infinite varieties, so in order to help the complicated chemical world make a little more sense, we classify and categorize them. One of the most important of those classifications is whether a molecule is polar or non-polar, which describes a kind of symmetry - not just of the molecule, but of the charge. In this edition of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank comes out for Team Polar, and describes why these molecules are so interesting to him.
You'll learn that molecules need to have both charge asymmetry and geometric asymmetry to be polar, and that charge asymmetry is caused by a difference in electronegativities. You'll also learn how to notate a dipole moment (or charge separation) of a molecule, the physical mechanism behind like dissolves like, and why water is so dang good at fostering life on Earth.
--
Table of Contents
Charge Assymetry & Geometric Asymmetry 01:33
Difference in Electronegatives 01:49
Hank is Team Polar 00:33
Dipole Moment 03:49
Charge Separation of a Molecule 04:12
Like Dissolves Like 04:41
Water is Awesome 05:10
--
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Atoms are a lot like us - we call their relationships "bonds," and there are many different types. Each kind of atomic relationship requires a different type of energy, but they all do best when they settle into the lowest stress situation possible. The nature of the bond between atoms is related to the distance between them and, like people, it also depends on how positive or negative they are. Unlike with human relationships, we can analyze exactly what makes chemical relationships work, and that's what this episode is all about.
If you are paying attention, you will learn that chemical bonds form in order to minimize the energy difference between two atoms or ions; that those chemical bonds may be covalent if atoms share electrons, and that covalent bonds can share those electrons evenly or unevenly; that bonds can also be ionic if the electrons are transferred instead of shared: and how to calculate the energy transferred in an ionic bond using Coulomb's Law.
--
Table of Contents
Bonds Minimize Energy 01:38
Covalent Bonds 03:18
Ionic Bonds 05:37
Coulomb's Law 05:51
--
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Hank takes a break from the desk to bring you to the lab in order to demonstrate some important points about the practical side of chemistry - experimentation in the laboratory. You'll learn what to wear in the lab, how to dispose of chemicals safely, how to avoid the most common accidents, how to pour solutions properly, what the HazMat diamond means, what an MSDS is, and how to use a fume hood. And as a reward for sticking with him through this maybe less-than-thrilling lecture, you'll see Hank subject himself to an exciting piece of safety apparatus.
--
Table of Contents
Proper Lab Attire 0:51
Disposing Chemicals Safely 6:30
Avoiding Common Lab Accidents 5:40
Proper Pouring 5:19
Hazmat Diamond 2:26
MSDS 3:05
How to use Fume Hoods 3:38
--
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Life is chaos and the universe tends toward disorder. But why? If you think about it, there are only a few ways for things to be arranged in an organized manner, but there are nearly infinite other ways for those same things to be arranged. Simple rules of probability dictate that it's much more likely for stuff to be in one of the many disorganized states than in one of the few organized states. This tendency is so unavoidable that it's known as the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. Obviously, disorder is a pretty big deal in the universe and that makes it a pretty big deal in chemistry - it's such a big deal that scientists have a special name for it: entropy. In chemistry, entropy is the measure of molecular randomness, or disorder. For the next thirteen minutes, Hank hopes you will embrace the chaos as he teaches you about entropy.
--
Table of Contents
Second Law of Thermodynamics :45
Entropy 2:01
DEMONSTRATION! 4:28
BA(OH)2•8H2O+NH4Ci 10:25
J.W. Gibbs & Gibbs Free Energy 7:23
--
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Today's episode dives into the HOW of enthalpy. How we calculate it, and how we determine it experimentally...even if our determinations here at Crash Course Chemistry are somewhat shoddy.
--
Table of Contents
Hess' Law 2:30
Calorimeter 3:12
Calorimetry 3:07
Specific Heat Capacity 5:08
Calorimetry Sources of Error 10:21
--
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Energy is like the bestest best friend ever and yet, most of the time we take it for granted. Hank feels bad for our friend and wants us to learn more about it so that we can understand what it's trying to tell us - like that any bond between two atoms contains energy. How much energy? That's not the simplest question to answer, but today Hank will answer it (kinda), by teaching us about a nifty little thing called enthalpy.
If you are paying attention to this episode you'll learn what the state function is, and how it varies from a path-dependent function; why enthalpy change is different from heat; that bonds are energy and to form and break them they release and absorb heat to and from their environment. You'll get the quickest introduction to calorimetry ever (more on that in upcoming episodes) and learn the power of Hess's Law and how to use Germain Hess's concept of the standard enthalpy of formation to calculate exactly how much heat is produced by any chemical reaction.
So much to learn! Let's get started!
--
Table of Contents
State Function 1:50
Path-Dependent Function 1:15
Enthalpy 2:58
Bonds are Energy 5:10
Colorimetry 5:36
Hess' Law 6:19
Standard Enthalpy of Formation 7:24
--
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Grumpy Professor Hank admits to being wrong about how everything is chemicals. But he now wants you to listen as he blows your mind with a new sweeping statement: everything (yes, really everything this time) is energy. What?!
This week, Hank takes us on a quick tour of how thermodynamics is applied in chemistry using his toy trebuchet as an example, because he is a proud nerd.
--
Table of Contents
Everything Is Energy 0:00
Forms of Energy 1:07
Potential Energy 2:11
Chemical Energy 1:55
Energy Is Constant & Law of Thermodynamics 2:49
System & Surroundings 5:03
Energy Transfer 4:57
Work 3:25
Heat 4:05
Trebuchets 0:48
--
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We have learned over the past few weeks that gases have real-life constraints on how they move here in the non-ideal world. As with most things in chemistry (and also in life) how a gas moves is more complex than it at first appears. In this episode, Hank describes what it means when we talk about the velocity of a gas - to understand gas velocity, we have to know what factors effect it, and how. Hank also teaches you about effusion, diffusion and concentration gradients, before showing off a cool experiment that physically demonstrates the things you have just learned. Sound exciting enough for you? Let's get started.
*Special Thanks to Matt Young at the University of Montana (Geosciences Department, Environmental Biogeochemistry Lab) who helped with the chemical demonstrations.*
Table of Contents
Net Velocity vs. Average Velocity 1:17
Effusion 4:47
Graham's Law 5:52
Diffusion 7:22
Concentration Gradients 7:08
Precipitation Reaction with Gases 8:21
--
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This week we continue to spend quality time with gases, more deeply investigating some principles regarding pressure - including John Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures, vapor pressure - and demonstrating the method for collecting gas over water.
Table of Contents
Theory of the Atom 1:48
Adding up the Pressures 2:34
Mixing Vinegar & Baking Soda 7:15
Collecting Gas Over Water 8:54
--
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Hank bursts our ideal gas law bubble, er, balloon, and brings us back to reality, explaining how the constants in the gas law aren't all that constant; how the ideal gas law we've spent the past two weeks with has to be corrected for volume because atoms and molecules take up space and for pressure because they're attracted to each other; that Einstein was behind a lot more of what we know today than most people realize; and how a Dutch scientist named Johannes van der Waals figured out those correction factors in the late 19th century and earned a Nobel Prize for his efforts.
Table of Contents
Constants in the Gas Laws Aren't all that Constant 1:20
The Ideal Gas Law has to be Corrected for Volume and Pressure 3:26
Einstein was the Bomb 5:02
Van Der Waals Equation 9:38
Never Give Up! 10:08
--
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We don't live in a perfect world, and neither do gases - it would be great if their particles always fulfilled the assumptions of the ideal gas law, and we could use PV=nRT to get the right answer every time. Unfortunately, the ideal gas law (like our culture) has unrealistic expectations when it comes to size and attraction: it assumes that particles do not have size at all and that they never attract each other. So the ideal gas "law" often becomes little more than the ideal gas estimate when it comes to what gases do naturally. But it's a close enough estimate in enough situations that it's very valuable to know. In this episode, Hank goes through a bunch of calculations according to the ideal gas law so you can get familiar with it.
Table of Contents
Large Size + Attraction to Others 3:36
Mendeleev to the Rescue 2:30
The Hindenburg Disaster 6:19
Helium vs. Hydrogen 7:33
Making Fire with Cotton and Your Fist 10:15
--
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Gases are everywhere, and this is good news and bad news for chemists. The good news: when they are behaving themselves, it's extremely easy to describe their behavior theoretically, experimentally and mathematically. The bad news is they almost never behave themselves.
In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, Hank tells how the work of some amazing thinkers combined to produce the Ideal Gas Law, how none of those people were Robert Boyle, and how the ideal gas equation allows you to find out pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles. You'll also get a quick introduction to a few jargon-y phrases to help you sound like you know what you're talking about.
Table of Contents
Ideal Gas Law Equation 0:50
Everyone But Robert Boyle 1:35
Ideal Gas Law to Figure Out Things 6:16
Jargon Fun Time 7:46
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Learning to talk about chemistry can be like learning a foreign language, but Hank is here to help with some straightforward and simple rules to help you learn to speak Chemistrian like a native.
Table of Contents
Determining Formulas and Names of Monatomic Ions 2:06
Finding Cation-and Anion Forming Elements on the Periodic Table 3:29
Writing Formulas and Naming Transition Metals 4:02
Naming Acids and their Anions 5:35
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All the magic that we know is in the transfer of electrons. Reduction (gaining electrons) and oxidation (the loss of electrons) combine to form Redox chemistry, which contains the majority of chemical reactions. As electrons jump from atom to atom, they carry energy with them, and that transfer of energy is what makes all life on earth possible.
**Special Thanks to Matt Young at the University of Montana (Geosciences Department, Environmental Biogeochemistry Lab) who helped with the chemical demonstrations.**
Oxidation 1:42
Reduction 1:03
Oxidation Numbers 3:29
Redox Reactions 5:59
Oxidation Reactions 6:28
Balancing Oxidation Reactions 7:18
Also thank you to the following chemistry teachers for assistance:
James Sarbinoff
Rachel Wentz
Edi González
Lucas Moore
Chris Conley
Addie Clark
Julia Rosinski
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A lot of ionic compounds dissolve in water, dissociating into individual ions. But when two ions find each other that form an insoluble compound, they suddenly fall out of solution in what's called a precipitation reaction. In this episode of Crash Course Chemistry, we learn about precipitation, precipitates, anions, cations, and how to describe and discuss ionic reactions.
Table of Contents
Precipitate Reactions 0:34
Determining Precipitates 1:35
Writing Precipitate Reactions 6:31
Calculating Molar Mass Equation 8:52
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Last week, Hank talked about how stuff mixes together in solutions. Today, and for the next few weeks, he will talk about the actual reactions happening in those solutions - atoms reorganizing themselves to create whole new substances in the processes that make our world the one we know and love. This week, we focus on acids and bases and their proton-exchanging ways.
Table of Contents
Chemistry Can Cause Death 00:00
Acids and Bases are Complicated 02:25
Conjugate Bases 05:37
Conjugate Acids 04:48
Acid Base Stoichiometry 06:49
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Dihydrogen monoxide (better know as water) is the key to nearly everything. It falls from the sky, makes up 60% of our bodies, and just about every chemical process related to life takes place with it or in it. Without it, none of the chemical reactions that keep us alive would happen - none of the reactions that sustain any life form on earth would happen - and the majority of inorganic chemical reactions that shape the surface of the earth would not happen either. Every one of us uses water for all kinds of chemistry every day - our body chemistry, our food chemistry and our laundry chemistry all take place in water.
In today's Crash Course Chemistry, we use Hank's actual dirty laundry (ew) to learn about some of the properties of water that make it so special - it's polarity and dielectric property; how electrolytes can be used to classify solutions; and we discover how to calculate a solution's molarity as well as how to dilute a solution using the dilution equation.
Table of Contents
Polarity 02:40
Dielectric Property 04:13
Electrolytes 04:29
Molarity 08:46
Dilution 10:56
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Chemists need stoichiometry to make the scale of chemistry more understandable - Hank is here to explain why, and to teach us how to use it.
Table of Contents
Atomic Mass Units 2:24
Moles 5:12
Molar Mass 5:59
Equation Balancing 8:45
Molar Ratios 11:11
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Hank brings us the story of the electron and describes how reality is a kind of music, discussing electron shells and orbitals, electron configurations, ionization and electron affinities, and how all these things can be understood via the periodic table.
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Table of Contents
Snobby Scientists 00:43
Great Dane/Bohr Model 01:57
Electrons as Music 04:13
Electron Shells and Orbitals 04:44
Electron Configurations 05:54
Ionization and Electron Affinities 08:17
Periodic Table 10:18 Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
Hank gives us a tour of the most important table ever, including the life story of the obsessive man who championed it, Dmitri Mendeleev. The periodic table of elements is a concise, information-dense catalog of all of the different sorts of atoms in the universe, and it has a wealth of information to tell us if we can learn to read it.
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Table of Contents
Dmitri Mendeleev - 0:45
Mendeleev's Organization of the Periodic Table - 2:31
Relationships in the Periodic Table - 5:03
Why Mendeleev Stood Out from his Colleagues - 7:09
How the Periodic Table Could be Improved - 8:28
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Today's Crash Course Chemistry takes a historical perspective on the creation of the science, which didn't really exist until a super-smart, super-wealthy Frenchman put the puzzle pieces together - Hank tells the story of how we went from alchemists to chemists, who understood the law of conservation of mass as proposed by a decapitated aristocrat, and explains how we came to have a greater understanding of how chemical compounds work and eventually a complete understanding of what atoms and molecules are.
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Table of Contents
Alchemists to Chemists 01:07
Law of Conservation of Mass 03:25
Decapitated Aristocrat 04:11
Chemical Compounds 05:44
Atoms and Molecules 06:07:1 Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
A unit is the frequently arbitrary designation we have given to something to convey a definite magnitude of a physical quantity and every quantity can be expressed in terms of the seven base units that are contained in the international system of units. Hank thinks this is a thrilling subject, and while you may not agree, it is a subject that is very important if you want to be a scientist and communicate with accuracy and precision with other scientists. So listen up and learn something or Hank might have to kill you! (NOT REALLY!)
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Table of Contents
Unit Conversion 02:27
Scientific Notation 03:26
Sig Figs 07:40 Support CrashCourse on Subbable: http://subbable.com/crashcourse
Hank does his best to convince us that chemistry is not torture, but is instead the amazing and beautiful science of stuff. Chemistry can tell us how three tiny particles - the proton, neutron and electron - come together in trillions of combinations to form ... everything. In this inaugural episode of Crash Course Chemistry, we start out with one of the biggest ideas in chemistry ever - stuff is made from atoms. More specifically, we learn about the properties of the nucleus and why they are important to defining what an atom actually is.
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Table of Contents
Einstein & Atoms 02:05
Composition of Atoms 03:18
Atomic Number 04:20
Isotopes 08:04
Relative Atomic Mass 07:26
Mass Number 07:44
Watch the SciShow episodes on the Strong Nuclear Force here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yv3EMq2Dgq8
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Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Novel Separation Processes by Dr. Sirshendu De,Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Hydrostatics and Stability by Dr. Hari V. Warrior, Department of Ocean Engineering & Naval Architecture, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Lecture Series on Advanced Materials and Processes by Prof.B.S. Murty, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Instability and Patterning of Thin Polymer Films by Dr. R. Mukherjee, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari ,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari ,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Science and Technology of Polymers by Prof.B.Adhikari, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy by Prof.H.S. Ray,Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Mod-01 Lec-29 Lecture-29-Two Phase Flow with Phase Change - An Introduction to Boiling Heat Transfer
Multiphase Flow by Dr.P.K. Das,Department of Mechanical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Multiphase Flow by Dr.Gargi Das,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Microscale Transport Processes by Dr.Somenath Ganguly,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Microscale Transport Processes by Dr.Somenath Ganguly,Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Principles of Physical Metallurgy by Prof. R.N. Ghosh,Department of
Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Rate processes by Dr. M. Halder, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Process Control and Instrumentation by Prof.A.K.Jana,prof.D.Sarkar Department of Chemical Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Prof. P.D. Srivastava,Dr. P. Panigrahi,Prof. Somesh Kumar,Prof. J. Kumar, Department of Mathematics, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Prof. P.D. Srivastava,Dr. P. Panigrahi,Prof. Somesh Kumar,Prof. J. Kumar, Department of Mathematics, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Prof. P.D. Srivastava,Dr. P. Panigrahi,Prof. Somesh Kumar,Prof. J. Kumar, Department of Mathematics, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Advanced Engineering Mathematics by Prof. P.D. Srivastava,Dr. P. Panigrahi,Prof. Somesh Kumar,Prof. J. Kumar, Department of Mathematics, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Introduction to Aerodynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
High Speed Aero Dynamics by Dr. K.P. Sinhamahapatra, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
![Mod-25 Lec-29 [2 plus 2 plus 2] Cycloaddition](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/atjp8l1OxHs/mqdefault.jpg)
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
![Mod-24 Lec-28 [5 plus 2] Cycloaddition](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Nr4wk7K6A9U/mqdefault.jpg)
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
![Mod-23 Lec-27 [4 plus 3] Cycloaddition](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mU_QHQxIsWg/mqdefault.jpg)
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
![Mod-21 Lec-25 [3 plus 2] Cycloaddition in heterocyclic chemistry](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Selu5Ex7UJY/mqdefault.jpg)
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
![Mod-20 Lec-24 [4 plus 2] cycloaddition in heterocyclic chemistry (Contd.)](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HeENdSJWUrg/mqdefault.jpg)
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
![Mod-20 Lec-23 [4 plus 2] cycloaddition in heterocyclic chemistry](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ss7PKz6wV9I/mqdefault.jpg)
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Heterocyclic Chemistry by Prof. D.R. Mal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IITKharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Advanced ceramics for strategic applications by Prof. H.S. Maiti,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Polymer Chemistry by Dr. D. Dhara,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Processing of Semiconducting Materials by Dr. Pallab Banerji,Department of Metallurgy and Material Science,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Co-ordination chemistry (chemistry of transition elements) by Prof. D. Ray,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,IIT Kharagpur.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT
Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT
Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Bio-inorganic chemistry by Prof. D. Ray, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Advanced Mathematical Techniques in Chemical Engineering by Prof. S. De, Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Mod-01 Lec-14 Transonic Compressors and Shock Structure Models, Transonic Compressor Characteristics
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Turbomachinery Aerodynamics by Prof. Bhaskar Roy,Prof. A M Pradeep, Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
Modern Instrumental Methods of Analysis by Dr. J.R. Mudakavi ,Department of Chemical Engineering, IISC Bangalore. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in